Introduction
The world of firearms is rich with history, innovation, and the echoes of countless hunts and defensive scenarios. Among the myriad of manufacturers and brands that have shaped this history, Western Field holds a unique place. Often found gracing the shelves of sporting goods stores, Western Field firearms offered accessibility and practicality to a wide range of shooters. These firearms were popular amongst everyday folk seeking reliable tools for both sport and self-protection.
Central to the Western Field legacy is its selection of shotguns, and perhaps none is more iconic than the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun. This article serves as a comprehensive guide, delving into the background, features, usage, and the lasting significance of this classic firearm. We will examine its evolution, the different models, its advantages and disadvantages, and even its place in the collector’s market. Our goal is to provide readers with a complete understanding of the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun.
Origins and Historical Context
Western Field was not a standalone manufacturer. Rather, it was a brand name used by the Montgomery Ward department store chain, very similar to the private-label practices used by Sears with their “Sears, Roebuck and Co.” brand of guns. This allowed Montgomery Ward to offer a variety of firearms at competitive prices. The actual manufacturing of the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun, and other Western Field firearms, was typically contracted out to established gun manufacturers, some of the most reputable of that time.
The manufacturers included well-known companies like Mossberg, Savage Arms, and others. This arrangement provided Western Field access to established manufacturing infrastructure and a proven track record of quality, while simultaneously allowing these manufacturers to expand their production and reach a broader customer base.
The heyday of Western Field firearms was during the mid-20th century, from roughly the 1930s through the 1970s. During this period, the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun was a staple in many homes across America. This was a time when hunting, both for sport and sustenance, was a significant aspect of many people’s lives, and when the need for personal and home protection was always present. The Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun became a popular choice for its affordability, simplicity, and reliability.
Anatomy of a Classic
The Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun is instantly recognizable as a pump-action shotgun. The defining characteristic is the slide or “pump” mechanism located on the fore-end of the gun, below the barrel. This pump action is used to cycle the cartridges, ejecting spent shells and loading fresh ones. This simple mechanism makes the shotgun relatively easy to learn and operate.
The design primarily consisted of a tubular magazine, that runs beneath the barrel, which allowed for a good capacity for a quick series of shots when needed. It’s important to remember that the magazine capacity could vary based on the model and the length of the barrel.
The choice of materials, usually, reflected cost-effectiveness, but also durability. Stocks were predominantly made of wood, either walnut or a hardwood, offering a classic aesthetic and a comfortable feel. Some models started using synthetic materials for the stock and fore-end. The metal components were typically blued or, on some models, parkerized, to protect against rust and wear.
Examining the Details
A closer look at the specifications reveals the versatility of the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun. While specifications varied based on the manufacturer and model, some common aspects remained constant, and were a part of the Western Field ethos.
The action type of the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun, as previously mentioned, is pump-action. This method makes it a rugged and dependable design. This shotgun offered a range of barrel length options. The longer barrels, typically used for hunting, would be between 26 to 30 inches, offering better accuracy and a wider shot pattern. Shorter barrels, in the 18-20 inch range, were well-suited for home defense because of their maneuverability.
The magazine capacity often varied, but models generally held four to five rounds, depending on the barrel length and the model. The chamber size, a vital aspect of a shotgun’s capabilities, was usually 2 ¾ inches, though some models supported 3-inch shells.
Specialized Features
Beyond the basic characteristics, the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun also included various features that enhanced its functionality and safety.
Safety mechanisms were present, often consisting of a cross-bolt safety located near the trigger guard. This simple design prevented the firearm from firing when engaged.
The finish on the metal components was generally blued, providing a durable protective layer and adding a pleasing aesthetic. More modern and less common alternatives included Parkerized finishes, which offered even greater protection against corrosion and wear.
The trigger mechanisms were simple and reliable, allowing for smooth and predictable firing. The sights generally consisted of a simple bead sight at the front of the barrel, though some models may have included a basic rear sight as well.
Getting it Running: Operation and Routine
Operating the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun is a straightforward process.
Loading the shotgun involves first ensuring the firearm is unloaded and safe, then typically loading shells into the tubular magazine, usually from the bottom of the gun. With the magazine loaded, the user must pump the fore-end to chamber the first round. To unload, one must pump the action to eject each spent shell and unload the magazine, which is done by pressing a release button and manually removing the shells.
Firing the shotgun involves aiming, using the bead sight, and pulling the trigger. The pump action is then employed after each shot, cycling the action to load the next round.
Maintaining the shotgun is crucial for its longevity and reliable operation. Basic cleaning involves disassembling the gun (following the manufacturer’s instructions), cleaning the barrel with a bore brush, wiping down all the metal parts with a gun oil, and lubricating the moving parts. Safe storage practices include storing the unloaded firearm in a secure location, away from children and unauthorized individuals.
Putting it to Good Use
The versatility of the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun makes it suitable for a variety of applications.
Hunting is a traditional and common use for this shotgun. The Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun is effective at taking down a variety of game animals, like deer, turkey, and various types of birds, depending on the chosen ammunition and barrel length.
Many people also consider it an effective choice for home defense. Its easy operation, stopping power, and user-friendly nature make it a suitable choice for self-defense. The pump-action design allows for immediate visual confirmation of the gun being loaded, and the audible racking of the action serves as a possible deterrent.
While not as prevalent as dedicated target shotguns, the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun can also be used for recreational sport shooting and target practice, especially at closer ranges.
Assessing the Benefits and Drawbacks
The Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun offers several advantages.
The pump-action design is incredibly reliable, offering a high degree of functionality even in harsh conditions. The simplicity of the action contributes to its robustness.
The cost-effectiveness of the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun has always been a major selling point. Because of how they were made, they could be offered at a lower price point than other similar firearms.
The basic design makes it very easy to use. Its simple operating system makes the Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun a favorite for both novice and experienced shooters.
However, some disadvantages need to be considered.
Finding replacement parts can be challenging, depending on the specific model and manufacturer. The fact that they are private-label guns means some parts are not as easily available as those of a more common brand.
The build quality, while generally adequate for the time period in which they were made, may not match that of some higher-end shotguns produced today.
Exploring Value and Collector’s Appeal
The value of a Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun is influenced by a number of factors.
The model of the firearm, for example, the specific model number, or the manufacturer, can affect its value.
The condition is a critical factor. A well-maintained shotgun, with minimal wear and original finish, will generally command a higher price.
Rarity also comes into play. Some models or variations are more scarce than others, making them more desirable to collectors.
Accessories, such as the original box, original paperwork, and any original accessories, can further enhance the value of a collector’s item.
Some models, especially those produced by a specific manufacturer, may have become highly collectible over time, with prices varying significantly. The older and more unusual models can be quite sought after by collectors of vintage firearms.
Safety First
Firearm safety is paramount.
Always treat the firearm as if it is loaded, regardless of whether you believe it is.
Always handle the shotgun with care, pointing the muzzle in a safe direction at all times.
Familiarize yourself with the safety features of the gun, and ensure they are properly functioning.
Always store the firearm unloaded and in a secure location.
Concluding Thoughts
The Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun is a significant example of how everyday tools can stand the test of time. Its reliability, affordability, and ease of use made it a favorite of hunters, homeowners, and recreational shooters across generations. It is an example of practical engineering, serving its purpose without the complication and expense of modern firearms.
The Western Field 12 gauge pump shotgun remains a tangible piece of firearm history. Its continued presence in the hands of shooters and in the collections of enthusiasts is a testament to its enduring value. It reminds us of a simpler time and a firearm that provided reliable performance for a wide range of purposes.
References
Gunbroker.com (for auction information)
Numrich Gun Parts Corp (for parts and schematics)
Various online forums and firearm discussion sites (for user reviews and information)
Specialized books on vintage firearms.
