Understanding Your M&P 15
Before diving into modifications, it’s essential to grasp the fundamental components of your Smith & Wesson M&P 15. This understanding is crucial for making informed decisions about upgrades and ensuring compatibility. The M&P 15, like all AR-15s, is built around a modular design, making it easy to swap out parts.
The heart of the rifle is its upper and lower receiver. The upper receiver houses the barrel, bolt carrier group (BCG), and charging handle. The lower receiver contains the fire control group (trigger, hammer, sear), magazine well, and stock. Understanding the relationship between these parts is paramount to a successful upgrade process.
The stock M&P 15 typically features a carbine-length gas system and a standard profile barrel. These can be key areas to consider for potential upgrades, especially if you’re looking to improve accuracy or reduce recoil. The handguard is another critical element, typically a basic polymer handguard offering a simple way to hold and control the rifle.
Improving Trigger Performance
One of the most impactful upgrades you can make is to the trigger. The factory trigger in an M&P 15, while functional, often leaves room for improvement. Upgrading the trigger can dramatically enhance your shooting experience, leading to tighter groups, faster split times, and a more enjoyable time at the range.
There are various trigger upgrades available, ranging from simple trigger kits to complete drop-in trigger assemblies. Drop-in triggers are often the easiest to install, requiring no gunsmithing. These kits replace the entire trigger group, offering a crisp break and a lighter pull weight. Trigger kits, on the other hand, involve replacing individual components of the existing trigger, potentially offering a more cost-effective option.
Consider the type of trigger that best suits your needs. Single-stage triggers provide a consistent pull until the hammer releases. Two-stage triggers have a pre-travel followed by a defined break, which can be beneficial for precision shooting.
Several reputable manufacturers offer high-quality trigger upgrades for the M&P 15. Geissele triggers are known for their precision and durability, often favored by competition shooters. Timney triggers are another popular choice, offering a clean break and a wide range of pull weights. CMC Triggers provides drop-in trigger assemblies that are easy to install and offer significant improvements over the factory trigger. Selecting the right trigger upgrade will hinge on your budget, shooting style, and intended use of the rifle.
Enhancing the Handguard
The handguard is more than just a place to grip your rifle; it’s also a crucial component for mounting accessories, improving ergonomics, and potentially enhancing accuracy. Replacing the factory handguard with an aftermarket option can significantly transform the look, feel, and functionality of your M&P 15.
Several types of handguards are available. Free-float handguards are a popular choice, as they do not make contact with the barrel. This design helps to eliminate any stress on the barrel, potentially improving accuracy. Free-float handguards typically attach to the upper receiver via a barrel nut.
Drop-in handguards are an alternative for those seeking a simpler installation process. These handguards simply replace the factory handguard and often utilize the existing barrel nut. While drop-in handguards are easier to install, they may not offer the same level of performance as free-float options.
Consider the mounting system when choosing a handguard. Quad-rail handguards feature rails on all four sides, providing ample space for mounting accessories. However, they can be bulky and heavy. M-LOK and KeyMod handguards offer a more streamlined design, using slots or holes to attach accessories directly to the handguard. These systems are typically lighter and offer greater versatility.
Specific handguard recommendations include Magpul handguards, known for their durability, lightweight design, and affordable price point. Midwest Industries provides a range of high-quality handguards with excellent fit and finish. BCM (Bravo Company Manufacturing) offers robust and reliable handguards, often favored by professionals.
Optimizing the Stock, Buffer Tube, and Recoil System
The stock and buffer tube significantly influence the ergonomics and handling characteristics of your M&P 15. Upgrading these components can dramatically enhance comfort, control, and shooting performance.
Adjustable stocks are a popular choice, allowing you to customize the length of pull (LOP) to fit your body. This is especially beneficial for shooters of different sizes or those who wear body armor. Fixed stocks are an alternative, offering a more robust and stable platform.
The buffer tube is the tube that houses the buffer and spring, essential for the AR-15’s recoil operation. It is crucial to understand the difference between commercial and Mil-Spec buffer tubes. Most M&P 15s are built with Mil-Spec buffer tubes. Ensure that all components you select (stock, buffer, and spring) are compatible.
Buffer and spring upgrades can also contribute to a smoother shooting experience and potentially reduce recoil. Heavier buffers can slow down the bolt carrier group, improving the reliability of the rifle. Upgraded springs offer enhanced durability and improved cycling.
Magpul is a leading manufacturer of stocks, offering a wide range of options known for their durability, ergonomics, and value. B5 Systems provides high-quality stocks, often favored by military and law enforcement professionals.
Choosing the Right Optics and Sighting System
The right optics or sighting system can transform your M&P 15, improving target acquisition, accuracy, and overall shooting performance. The best optic for you depends on your intended use, budget, and preferences.
Red dot sights are an excellent choice for close-quarters shooting and rapid target acquisition. These sights project a red dot onto the lens, allowing you to quickly align your target. Scopes are ideal for longer-range shooting, providing magnification and enhanced accuracy. Holographic sights offer a unique aiming reticle, known for their fast target acquisition.
Consider the mounting options when selecting an optic. Cantilever mounts extend the optic forward, allowing you to maintain a comfortable cheek weld. Scope rings are used to mount scopes to the receiver.
Don’t overlook the importance of backup iron sights (BUIS). These are crucial in the event that your primary optic fails.
Several manufacturers offer excellent optics for the M&P 15. Aimpoint is known for its rugged and reliable red dot sights, favored by military and law enforcement. Trijicon provides a range of high-quality optics, including red dot sights and scopes, often featuring illuminated reticles. Vortex Optics offers a wide variety of optics at various price points, known for their excellent value. Holosun provides high-value red dot sights and other optics, often packed with useful features.
Upgrading the Bolt Carrier Group and Charging Handle
The bolt carrier group (BCG) is the heart of the AR-15’s operating system, responsible for extracting, ejecting, and chambering rounds. Upgrading your BCG can improve reliability, durability, and overall performance.
Upgraded BCGs often feature enhanced coatings, such as nickel boron (NiB) or diamond-like carbon (DLC), which reduce friction, increase corrosion resistance, and make cleaning easier.
The charging handle is used to cycle the action of the rifle. An upgraded charging handle with an extended latch or ambidextrous design can make it easier to operate the rifle, especially when wearing gloves or shooting from awkward positions.
BCM (Bravo Company Manufacturing) offers high-quality BCGs, known for their reliability and durability. Radian Weapons provides premium charging handles, often favored for their ambidextrous design and enhanced ergonomics.
Additional Enhancements and Accessories
Beyond the major categories, several other upgrades and accessories can enhance the functionality and enjoyment of your M&P 15.
Consider a pistol grip upgrade for improved ergonomics and comfort.
Muzzle devices, such as compensators and flash hiders, can help manage recoil and reduce muzzle flash.
Add accessories like slings, lights, foregrips, and rail covers.
Installation, Compatibility, and Legal Considerations
Most M&P 15 upgrades can be installed by the average shooter, with basic tools and some knowledge of AR-15 mechanics. However, some upgrades may require a gunsmith. Always consult the manufacturer’s instructions and research the specific parts you are installing.
Compatibility is critical. Ensure that all components are designed to work with your M&P 15 and with each other. For example, a Mil-Spec stock will not fit a commercial buffer tube. Always double-check the specifications.
Be mindful of any legal restrictions or regulations regarding firearms modifications. Laws vary by location. It’s your responsibility to ensure that any modifications you make comply with applicable laws.
Maintaining Your Upgraded Rifle
Once you’ve upgraded your M&P 15, proper maintenance is essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity.
Regularly clean and lubricate all components, paying particular attention to the bolt carrier group, barrel, and trigger group.
Inspect all components regularly for wear and tear.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and maintenance.
Conclusion
Upgrading your Smith & Wesson M&P 15 is a rewarding experience, allowing you to personalize your rifle and improve its performance. From trigger upgrades to optics, the possibilities are vast. By carefully considering your needs and researching available options, you can create an M&P 15 that perfectly suits your shooting style and preferences. Remember to prioritize quality, compatibility, and safety. With the right upgrades, your M&P 15 can truly reach its full potential. Consider the value each upgrade brings to the overall function of your rifle and budget accordingly. The Smith & Wesson M&P 15 is an excellent platform and with the right modifications can become an even more enjoyable and effective tool.
