Introduction
The satisfying crack of a 20 gauge shotgun, the swing, the lead, and the hit – it’s a feeling that resonates with shooters of all levels. Whether it’s breaking clays at the range or pursuing game in the field, the 20 gauge offers a versatile and manageable experience. But what if you could tailor that experience even further, optimizing performance and saving money in the process? That’s where reloading comes in.
Reloading your own ammunition isn’t just about cost savings; it’s about taking control. It’s about crafting the perfect load for your specific needs, whether you’re chasing improved patterns, softer recoil, or simply the satisfaction of creating something yourself. The 20 gauge, with its balanced size and performance, is a perfect candidate for the reloader’s art.
This guide will delve into the world of 20 gauge hulls, focusing on the best choices for reloaders. We’ll explore the key characteristics of different hulls, their strengths and weaknesses, and how to select the right ones for your reloading journey. We will also examine the essential considerations for safety and maximizing your reloading experience. Get ready to explore the intricacies of the 20 gauge shell, the essential first step to a customized shooting experience.
Understanding the Anatomy of a 20 Gauge Shotshell and the Core Components
Before diving into the best hulls, it’s important to understand the basic structure of a shotshell. This understanding will help you appreciate the differences between hulls and how they impact reloadability. The shotshell, a marvel of engineering, is a carefully constructed package designed for a single purpose: to propel a payload of shot effectively downrange.
At the heart of it all is the **hull**. The hull is the plastic or, less commonly now, paper casing that houses all the other components. It provides the structural integrity of the shotshell and is the foundation upon which the reloaders builds their loads. The hull is usually made from a plastic material designed to withstand the pressures generated during firing and the forces of reloading.
The **base** of the hull is the part that contains the primer pocket and holds the primer. The base can be low or high, affecting the crimp and the overall reloadability. The base is often made of brass or steel and is a critical component.
The **head** houses the primer and is the part of the hull that the firing pin strikes. It also provides the structural support for the base and, subsequently, the shell.
The **body** is the main part of the hull, and it contains the powder, wad, and shot. The body’s internal dimensions are key for a reloader. The length of the body, and the way it tapers (or doesn’t), determines how the load will behave when fired. The internal volume available determines how much powder and shot can be contained in the hull.
The **crimp** is the folded portion at the top of the hull that seals the load. This crimp needs to be secure to prevent the shot and wad from spilling out. The crimp must be consistent to ensure reliable and consistent performance.
The **wad** sits inside the hull, separating the powder from the shot. It also serves to cushion the shot during firing and help in promoting good patterns. Wads come in various designs depending on the expected use.
Types of 20 Gauge Hulls: Straight-Walled vs. Tapered
The most significant distinction in hull design is whether it’s straight-walled or tapered. This difference has a big impact on how the shell will reload and perform.
Straight-Walled Hulls
These hulls have a consistent internal diameter along their entire length. They often feature a one-piece design, making them durable and ideal for repeated reloading. Straight-walled hulls are typically used with a specific wad designed to fit their interior dimensions. This is an advantage for reloaders as they offer the convenience of easy wad seating.
Tapered Hulls
These hulls have an internal diameter that gradually decreases from the base to the crimp. This tapered design can sometimes lead to improved gas sealing and potentially better patterning. However, tapered hulls often require specific wads that match the hull’s taper, making component selection more critical.
The choice between straight-walled and tapered hulls often depends on personal preference and the availability of components. Each type has its own advantages, and the best choice depends on your specific reloading goals.
Factors that Influence Reloadability: Material, Construction, and Volume
Several factors affect how well a hull reloads and how long it will last. Understanding these factors is crucial for making smart choices and achieving the best results.
Hull Material
Most 20 gauge hulls are made from plastic. High-quality plastic hulls are durable and can withstand multiple reloadings. The quality of the plastic, however, varies. Some hulls are more prone to splitting or cracking over time. Hulls made from lower quality plastic can shorten the life of the hull.
Base Construction
High-base hulls have a taller metal base, while low-base hulls have a shorter one. The high base provides better structural support but can sometimes be more challenging to reload because of the internal volume. The design of the base can influence how easily the primer seats.
Head Size and Design
The head determines the primer and how it interacts with the firing pin. A tight primer pocket is important for safe and reliable firing. The design of the head can also impact how the shell crimps.
Internal Volume
This is a critical factor for reloaders. The internal volume of the hull dictates how much powder and shot can be used. Different hull designs have different internal volumes. Reloading data is specific to the hull’s internal volume, so it’s crucial to use data appropriate for your chosen hull.
Top 20 Gauge Hulls for Reloading
Now, let’s explore some of the best 20 gauge hulls for reloaders, examining their features, strengths, and weaknesses.
Remington Hulls: A Reloading Standard
Remington hulls are popular for their durability and wide availability. They’re known for their straight-walled design, which makes them easy to reload.
Examples: The Remington STS and Gun Club hulls are well-regarded choices.
Features: These hulls are typically made from high-quality plastic and can withstand multiple reloadings. Their straight-walled design is advantageous, offering a consistent internal diameter.
Load Recommendations: Remington hulls are compatible with a wide range of reloading data, making them versatile. The STS hull is especially favored by target shooters and reloaders wanting to customize their shell. They excel with target loads and hunting loads.
Pros: Widely available, durable, easy to reload, and compatible with various loads.
Cons: Can become worn with repeated use, the plastic can split over time.
Federal Hulls: Providing Exceptional Performance
Federal hulls are another excellent option, known for their performance and quality. They come in both straight-walled and tapered designs.
Examples: The Federal Gold Medal and Top Gun hulls are common choices.
Features: Federal hulls often feature high-quality plastic and robust construction. They generally offer excellent patterns and consistency.
Load Recommendations: Federal hulls are compatible with many reloading recipes.
Pros: Good patterns, durable, and often readily available.
Cons: Some designs can be slightly more challenging to reload than straight-walled hulls.
Winchester Hulls: A Reliable and Versatile Choice
Winchester hulls are reliable and versatile, making them a great choice.
Examples: The Winchester AA hull is a classic option.
Features: Winchester AA hulls are known for their durability. These hulls are made from strong, high-quality plastic.
Load Recommendations: Winchester AA hulls are suitable for target shooting and hunting. They have a very good reputation.
Pros: Widely available, consistent performance, and suitable for many load types.
Cons: Can be difficult to find in some areas, depending on the specific product.
Considerations for Choosing the Best 20 Gauge Hulls
Selecting the right hulls involves considering your intended use, component availability, equipment, budget, and accessibility.
Intended Use: Target shooting demands different loads than hunting. A target shooter, for example, would choose a hull designed for multiple reloads. Hunters would be more interested in performance.
Load Component Availability: Availability is crucial. If you can’t readily get the necessary powder, primers, and wads, you’ll be limited in your load options.
Reloading Equipment: Ensure your reloading press and dies are compatible with your chosen hulls.
Budget: Reloading offers savings, but factor in the initial cost of components.
Availability: Choose hulls that are easy to find in your area or online.
Reloading Tips and Safety Precautions
Safety is paramount when reloading.
Safety First: Wear safety glasses and gloves. Reload in a well-ventilated area.
Cleaning Hulls: Clean hulls before reloading.
Primer Selection: Use the correct primers for your load.
Wad Selection: Choose the correct wad for your hull and load.
Powder Measurement: Use a scale for accurate powder measurement.
Reloading Data: Always use reliable reloading data from a trusted source.
Inspecting Reloads: Inspect reloads for any defects.
Conclusion
Choosing the best 20 gauge hulls for reloading is an important step toward customizing your shooting experience. The Remington STS, Gun Club, Federal Gold Medal, Top Gun, and Winchester AA are all excellent choices. Remember to consider your intended use, component availability, and safety. By following safe practices and carefully selecting your components, you can create loads tailored to your specific needs. Embrace the art of reloading, experiment, and enjoy the satisfaction of crafting your own ammunition.
