Understanding the Fundamentals of Level Scoping
The pursuit of precision is at the heart of the shooting sports. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter, a competitive marksman, or a recreational shooter, the desire to place each shot exactly where you intend it is paramount. One of the critical, yet often overlooked, elements in achieving this consistency is ensuring your rifle scope is perfectly level. A canted scope, even a slight one, can wreak havoc on your accuracy, leading to missed targets, wasted ammunition, and a frustrating experience overall. This guide delves into the importance of a level scope and, more importantly, provides you with the knowledge and techniques to achieve this critical alignment for ultimate shooting accuracy.
The simple truth is that a level scope is not merely a suggestion; it’s a necessity for consistently hitting your mark. When your scope is misaligned, the reticle – the crosshairs or aiming point within the scope – isn’t perfectly aligned with the vertical and horizontal axes of your rifle. This causes your bullet’s trajectory to deviate from what you expect, particularly at longer distances. The effect becomes even more pronounced as range increases.
The core issue boils down to something called “cant.” Cant refers to the tilting of your rifle, which is caused when the rifle is not perfectly vertical when you take a shot. This cant can be subtle, almost imperceptible to the naked eye, but the consequences for your accuracy can be significant. If your scope is level but your rifle is canted, your shots will deviate to the side, either left or right, depending on which way the rifle is tilted.
The reason cant causes inaccuracies lies in the physics of a bullet’s flight. Bullets, affected by gravity, travel in a curved path. A canted scope changes the perspective and the point of impact on the target, impacting where the bullet hits. The amount of this impact will also increase with range.
Consider how the human eye perceives things. A canted scope throws off the visual perspective. While the reticle might appear to be perfectly aligned, the reality is that it’s not tracking the true vertical and horizontal.
Misalignment also happens when the reticle isn’t properly aligned within the scope itself. Sometimes, during the mounting process, the reticle might rotate slightly, leading to inconsistent shot groups. This means the crosshairs aren’t truly vertical and horizontal relative to the rifle’s bore, leading to deviations in the impact point.
The goal, then, is to mount your scope so that the reticle is precisely aligned with the rifle’s vertical and horizontal axes when the rifle is held level. This ensures that the bullet’s trajectory aligns with the aiming point.
Assembling Your Arsenal: Tools of the Trade
Achieving that level of precision requires the right tools. Fortunately, the process is relatively straightforward, and the necessary equipment is readily available. Here’s a rundown of what you’ll need:
The primary items that you’ll require are the rifle, the scope itself, and the scope rings. The rings secure your scope to the rifle. Without them, a proper level scope job isn’t even possible. These items are the fundamentals, but the other tools you’ll need are essential for a job well done.
You will also need a set of screwdrivers or Allen wrenches. The type depends on your specific scope rings. Make sure that your Allen wrenches are the proper size to properly install your scope rings.
Beyond the basics, there are various ways to level your scope. The best option depends on your budget, experience level, and the level of precision you require. We’ll cover a few options, beginning with the most recommended.
One of the most effective and recommended methods involves using a scope leveling bar or kit. These kits are specifically designed to ensure the rifle and the scope are perfectly aligned. They often include a leveling bar that rests on the rifle’s action or receiver, and a separate alignment tool that is placed on top of the scope. The leveling bar is used to level the rifle, and then the tool is utilized to align the scope reticle. The precision and ease of use offered by these kits make them an excellent choice for serious shooters and for those who value convenience.
Another common method involves using bubble levels. There are a few varieties of bubble levels available. One option is to use a scope-mounted bubble level. These are small levels that attach directly to the scope tube, indicating when the scope is level. You can also use a separate bubble level placed on the top of the scope or on the rifle’s Picatinny rail. This option is a cost-effective way to achieve a level scope. However, it may require a bit more care and attention to ensure accuracy.
A less expensive option is to utilize your own eyesight and use the “eyeball method”. This method uses only your eyes and the lines on the scope as a reference point. While it can work for casual shooters at short ranges, it is difficult to achieve perfect results, and is not recommended for serious precision work.
Some other, more advanced methods exist. These include the use of vertical laser systems, which project a laser line down the rifle’s bore to help with alignment. These systems can offer very high precision, but they are typically more expensive.
Finally, you can use simple household items. For example, you could use a plumb bob, or a flat, level surface. However, these methods are less precise.
Before you start, gather all your tools, and familiarize yourself with them. Make sure everything is in good working order, and that you have adequate workspace and lighting. The more prepared you are, the smoother and more accurate the process will be.
The Path to Precision: Step-by-Step Instructions
Now, let’s dive into the process of leveling your scope using a scope leveling bar/kit, since it’s the most recommended method.
First, make sure your rifle is stable. If it’s already mounted, you may need to remove the scope. Make sure the rifle is secure. Place it in a vise or on a sturdy rifle rest. This will prevent any movement during the process, which is critical for accuracy.
If your scope is not already installed, now is the time to mount the scope rings on your rifle. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions, tightening the screws only enough to hold the rings in place, but not so tightly that you can’t slide the scope forward or back.
Once the rings are in place, position the scope in the rings. Consider eye relief at this stage. You should have a comfortable sight picture before proceeding further.
Now, use your scope leveling bar or kit to level your rifle. Place the leveling bar on your rifle’s receiver or action. This should establish a true horizontal plane. If your rifle has a built-in leveling system, utilize this. Make sure your rifle is level before proceeding.
Now, the crucial step: leveling the scope reticle. Using the leveling tool from your scope kit, insert the tool between the top of the scope and the leveling bar. Adjust the scope until the reticle is aligned with the leveling tool. As you look through the scope, the reticle should be perfectly vertical and horizontal in relation to the crosshairs.
With the scope leveled, you can begin tightening the scope ring screws. This is the moment where a torque wrench becomes invaluable. The torque wrench ensures that the screws are tightened to the manufacturer’s recommended specifications, applying consistent pressure to avoid uneven stress that could warp the scope tube or cause the rings to loosen over time.
Tighten the ring screws in a crisscross pattern (like you would tighten lug nuts on a car tire), and make very small adjustments. Use the torque wrench to slowly tighten the screws to the recommended specifications, one by one.
Once the scope rings are tightened, do a final check. Verify the level of both the rifle and the scope using your chosen method. Make sure the reticle remains perfectly aligned.
By following these steps, you can achieve a level scope and maximize your rifle’s accuracy potential.
Addressing Common Challenges
Even with the best tools and techniques, you might encounter a few challenges. Here are a few troubleshooting tips:
Sometimes scope rings can cause issues. Inspect the rings for burrs, imperfections, or damage. Replace them if necessary. Sometimes, rings are slightly out of alignment, making a perfect level difficult.
Another potential problem involves ring tightening. Uneven pressure or stripping the screws can throw off the alignment. Always use a torque wrench, and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Scope movement during tightening can also be problematic. Make sure the scope is held firmly in position while tightening the rings. Some kits come with tools that help keep the scope in the correct position.
Some rifles or scope ring designs can present their own unique challenges. Be patient and persistent, and adapt the techniques as needed. If the scope keeps slipping, consider using a thin strip of electrical tape around the scope tube within the rings, which can provide some extra friction.
Testing Your Work and Making Adjustments
Once you’ve leveled your scope, the work is not quite finished. The next step is to test and adjust.
You can begin by bore sighting the rifle. This involves looking through the bore of the rifle and aligning the scope with the same target. Bore sighting can help you establish a good starting point.
Next, you’ll need to head to the range and zero your rifle. This means shooting a series of groups at a specific distance, and making adjustments to your scope until the point of impact matches your point of aim. Make very small adjustments at first, and test the impacts of those adjustments.
By shooting at the range, you can determine how your scope is performing. Over time, you will develop a feel for your weapon and your scope, and you can utilize this knowledge to refine your shooting.
You should shoot in small groups, and continue making adjustments based on your results. As you refine your shots, you will be able to determine whether the scope is properly leveled.
Maintaining Your Advantage
Leveling your scope is not a one-time event. There are a few best practices to keep in mind.
Regularly check your scope level, especially after travel, cleaning, or any event that could potentially disrupt the alignment. This proactive approach will help you catch any issues early.
Handle your rifle and scope with care, and store them properly. Prevent dropping or striking your rifle against hard surfaces.
Regularly clean the scope and rifle. Following these simple maintenance steps will help to maintain your scope’s performance.
In the long run, you might consider using permanent thread locker on your scope ring screws. Be sure to use a product that is specifically designed for firearms. By implementing these maintenance tips, you can continue to ensure that your scope stays level.
Wrapping Up: The Pursuit of Perfect Alignment
The quest for accuracy is a journey, and leveling your rifle scope is a crucial step along the way. By understanding the impact of cant, utilizing the right tools, following the steps, and addressing any problems, you can ensure your scope is perfectly aligned. This will maximize your rifle’s accuracy and help you hit your targets consistently, whether you’re hunting, competing, or enjoying a day at the range. Remember, consistent, accurate shooting requires attention to detail, patience, and a commitment to excellence.
By prioritizing the process of scope leveling, you’re investing in yourself as a shooter. Mastering these techniques will transform your experience and results.
Now, go forth, level your scope, and experience the difference that a perfectly aligned optic makes!
