The Problem: When Your AR-15 Refuses to Feed
From the satisfying click of the charging handle to the resounding report of a well-aimed shot, the AR-15 is a rifle that has captivated shooting enthusiasts and professionals alike. The modularity, accuracy, and customizable nature of this platform have cemented its place as a cornerstone of modern firearms. However, even the most meticulously maintained AR-15 can occasionally experience a frustrating hiccup: the failure to feed. Imagine yourself on the range, ready for a day of practice, when suddenly, the bolt snags on a round, refusing to chamber. Nothing can instantly derail your shooting session like a malfunction. Understanding the root causes of this common problem and knowing how to fix them is crucial for anyone who owns and operates an AR-15. This article is your guide to diagnosing and resolving failure-to-feed (FTF) issues, ensuring your rifle functions reliably when you need it most.
Investigating the Usual Suspects: Common Causes of Failure to Feed
The factors that contribute to a failure to feed in an AR-15 are varied, stemming from issues with ammunition, magazines, the bolt carrier group, the gas system, or the buffer system. Each element plays a critical role in the smooth and reliable operation of the rifle.
Magazine Malfunctions
One of the most frequent sources of FTF problems stems from the magazine. A damaged or worn magazine, a magazine with weak or incorrect springs, or a magazine that’s not properly seated within the magazine well can cause feeding difficulties. Magazine lips that are bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged can prevent the round from properly presenting itself to the chamber. The magazine spring is responsible for pushing rounds upwards to be fed into the chamber. A weak or broken spring cannot provide enough force to do this, leading to FTF issues. Similarly, an overfilled magazine can also place undue pressure on the rounds, again hindering the feeding process. Finally, making sure the magazine is fully seated in the magazine well is often overlooked. If the magazine is not fully seated, the rounds might not align correctly with the chamber, resulting in a jam.
Ammunition Issues
The ammunition itself is another common source of FTF problems. Faulty ammunition, which may include rounds with improperly sized casings, primers that are seated too deep, or other manufacturing defects, can cause a failure to feed. Damaged bullets, those with deformed noses or other imperfections, can catch on the chamber or prevent smooth entry. Ammunition that is dirty or corroded can also cause problems, as grime and rust can impede the feeding process. Using the incorrect type of ammunition for your barrel can also lead to feeding issues. For example, a barrel designed for a specific bullet weight may not cycle properly with a different weight of bullet.
Bolt Carrier Group Problems
The bolt carrier group (BCG), the heart of the AR-15’s operating system, is also a frequent point of failure. A dirty, dry, or improperly lubricated BCG can experience excessive friction, slowing down the cycling action and potentially causing the bolt to fail to extract a new round from the magazine. The extractor, the component that grips the rim of the cartridge case and pulls it from the chamber, can wear out over time. A worn extractor may not grip the rim of the round firmly enough, resulting in a failure to extract and feed. Related to the extractor is the extractor spring. If the extractor spring is weak or broken, it can prevent the extractor from properly engaging the cartridge case, which can also result in a failure to feed.
Gas System Concerns
The gas system is the engine that powers the AR-15’s cycle. Issues within this system can wreak havoc on the rifle’s operation. Gas leaks from loose gas blocks, damaged gas rings, or cracks in the gas tube can cause the BCG to not cycle properly. The gas port size needs to be correctly sized for the barrel length and the chosen buffer weight of your rifle. If the gas port is too small, the rifle may be under-gassed, resulting in a failure to feed. The bolt may not cycle far enough back to pick up the next round. Conversely, an over-gassed system can also lead to malfunctions, though they often manifest in other forms, such as excessive recoil and extraction issues.
Buffer System Issues
The buffer system contributes directly to the proper cycling and function of the rifle. An incorrect buffer weight can impact the timing of the cycling process, potentially causing a failure to feed. A weak or broken buffer spring also reduces the force needed to strip and feed the next round from the magazine. Additionally, obstructions in the buffer tube can impede the BCG’s movement, causing it to hang up and failing to feed.
Troubleshooting: A Systematic Approach to Finding the Problem
When your AR-15 experiences a failure to feed, a methodical approach to troubleshooting is crucial. Remember, safety should be your top priority. Always ensure the rifle is unloaded and the chamber is clear before beginning any inspection. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction.
Initial Checks
Start by giving your rifle a thorough visual inspection. Check the magazine for any obvious damage or debris. Examine the ammunition for any visible deformities or defects. Make sure nothing is visibly obstructing the chamber or the action of the BCG. Take a quick look around the magazine well for any potential problems.
Cleaning and Lubrication
Next, consider performing basic cleaning and lubrication. Even a minor accumulation of carbon and fouling can impede the BCG’s smooth operation. Thoroughly clean and lubricate the BCG with a quality gun lubricant. Ensure the chamber is also clean, using a chamber brush to scrub away any residue that might be hindering the feeding process.
Magazine Swapping
If cleaning and visual inspection haven’t solved the problem, try magazine swapping. Swap out the problematic magazine with a known, reliable magazine. If the problem disappears, you know you’ve likely identified the culprit. Similarly, try swapping out the ammunition. Test with a different brand or lot of ammunition. If the new ammunition functions correctly, the original ammunition is likely the problem.
BCG Inspection
The BCG itself warrants further investigation. Inspect the BCG for wear, especially the extractor and its spring. Make sure the bolt locks up properly. If any parts appear worn or damaged, replace them.
Gas System Examination
Inspect the gas system. Check for proper alignment and seating of the gas block. Look for any signs of leaks, such as soot accumulation. If you suspect a gas leak, consider consulting a qualified gunsmith.
Buffer System Assessment
Evaluate the buffer system. Ensure the correct buffer weight is installed for your rifle’s configuration and that the buffer spring is functioning correctly. Try different buffer weights and springs to see if they make a difference.
Solutions and Proactive Measures: Keeping Your AR-15 Running Smoothly
Once you’ve identified the cause of your AR-15’s failure to feed, you can implement the necessary solutions. Proactive maintenance goes a long way in preventing malfunctions.
Magazine Management
Magazine maintenance is essential for preventing FTF problems. Regularly inspect your magazines for damage. Replace magazines that have damaged feed lips, worn springs, or any other defects. Store magazines properly in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.
Ammunition Practices
Pay close attention to ammunition. Always use high-quality ammunition from a reputable manufacturer. Store ammunition in a cool, dry environment. Inspect the ammunition for any visible signs of damage before loading it into a magazine.
Consistent Maintenance
Consistent cleaning and maintenance are the cornerstones of reliable AR-15 operation. After each shooting session, clean your rifle, paying particular attention to the BCG, the chamber, and the bore. Lubricate the moving parts with a quality gun oil. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and maintenance.
Part Replacement
Over time, even well-maintained parts will wear out. Part replacement is sometimes necessary. When components such as the extractor or springs show signs of wear or damage, replace them promptly. Regularly inspecting key components can prevent a more serious malfunction from developing.
Building for Reliability
For those who build their own AR-15s, the selection of quality parts during the build process and ensuring proper assembly of the rifle is extremely important. Make sure the parts are correctly matched. This is especially true when it comes to choosing the buffer weight and the gas port size, along with barrel length.
Conclusion: Keeping Your AR-15 Ready for Action
Failure to feed issues can be a major headache, but they are rarely insurmountable. By understanding the common causes, following the systematic troubleshooting steps, and adhering to a rigorous maintenance routine, you can significantly minimize the chances of your AR-15 malfunctioning. Remember to prioritize safety, inspect your rifle regularly, and address any problems promptly. Maintaining a reliable AR-15 is essential for both recreational shooting and self-defense. By taking the appropriate steps to address the issues you encounter, you can be confident your rifle will function when you need it most, letting you focus on your shooting and enjoy the experience. Always remember to consult with a qualified gunsmith if you’re unsure about any aspect of maintaining or repairing your rifle. By adopting a proactive approach to troubleshooting and maintenance, you’ll be well on your way to ensuring your AR-15 always chambers that next round.
