Understanding The Key Fluids
Power Steering Fluid (PSF) – The Steering System’s Lifeblood
The power steering system relies on power steering fluid to function correctly. PSF is specifically designed for the lubrication and operation of this system.
PSF is typically composed of mineral oil or synthetic oil bases, along with additives. These additives are included to provide several essential functions. They work to reduce friction between moving parts, such as the pump and rack-and-pinion steering, ensuring smooth and effortless steering. PSF also helps transmit the force that allows the driver to turn the wheels. Further, power steering fluid is formulated to be compatible with the seals and other components found within the power steering system. This compatibility is vital to prevent deterioration, leaks, and ultimately, system failure.
The primary purpose of PSF is to facilitate steering, ensuring that steering is easy and responsive. Proper lubrication helps prevent wear and tear on the components, helping to prolong the life of the entire system.
Brake Fluid – The Stopping Power of Your Vehicle
Brake fluid, on the other hand, plays an entirely different, but equally crucial, role. It is the hydraulic fluid responsible for transmitting the force from the brake pedal to the brakes, thus enabling the vehicle to stop safely.
Brake fluid generally comes in various types, most commonly including DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT 5.1, each with specific properties. The base of these fluids is typically a glycol-ether-based compound. Unlike PSF, brake fluid is engineered for its ability to handle extreme temperatures generated during braking.
Furthermore, brake fluid has a crucial characteristic: it is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. While this is an important feature for braking performance (as it prevents water from freezing in the brake lines), it also makes it unsuitable for use in power steering. The presence of moisture in power steering systems can accelerate corrosion and compromise performance.
The Hazards of Mixing Brake Fluid and Power Steering
The incompatibility of brake fluid and power steering fluid is significant, with dire consequences if the two are mixed. The fundamental differences in their compositions, properties, and intended purposes render them incompatible and potentially destructive if used interchangeably.
Seal Deterioration
A primary concern when using brake fluid in a power steering system is damage to the seals. The chemical makeup of brake fluid, designed to withstand the harsh conditions within the braking system, can be detrimental to the seals and rubber components within the power steering system. Brake fluid can cause the seals to swell, harden, or even disintegrate over time. This destruction can lead to leaks of power steering fluid, leading to a loss of hydraulic pressure, and eventually, a complete failure of the power steering system.
The Threat of Corrosion
Another significant risk is corrosion. Brake fluid often contains compounds that are corrosive to the metals used in power steering systems. The pump, rack-and-pinion, and other crucial metal components can begin to rust and degrade when exposed to brake fluid. This corrosion can weaken the system, leading to decreased performance, noisy operation, and potential component failure. The long-term effects of corrosion can be costly, requiring replacement of essential parts.
Viscosity Issues and Lubrication Failures
The viscosity of brake fluid is frequently different from that of power steering fluid. Viscosity refers to a fluid’s resistance to flow, or its thickness. The different viscosities can lead to lubrication issues within the power steering system. Brake fluid, typically being less viscous than PSF, may not provide adequate lubrication for the pump, the rack-and-pinion steering mechanism, and other moving parts. This results in increased friction and wear, decreasing the lifespan of the system and its components.
Contamination and Performance Loss
Even a small amount of brake fluid contaminating power steering fluid can lead to a significant decline in performance. The different additives in the two fluids can react with each other, causing problems. This contamination can lead to several issues: reduced steering assist, making the steering wheel harder to turn; strange noises emanating from the power steering pump; or, in severe cases, complete power steering system failure.
What To Do If This Happens
If you’ve accidentally put brake fluid in your power steering system, it is crucial to act swiftly. The sooner you address the problem, the better the chances of minimizing the damage.
Immediate Steps
The very first thing to do is stop driving the vehicle immediately. Continuing to drive a vehicle with brake fluid in the power steering system can cause significant damage and is dangerous. Do not attempt to start the car.
A Complete Flush and System Replacement
The most reliable course of action is to have the entire power steering system flushed and refilled with the correct power steering fluid. This involves removing all of the contaminated fluid, cleaning the system, and replacing it with the correct type of PSF. The flush requires expertise, because any traces of brake fluid remaining can still cause damage. A professional mechanic will be able to perform this procedure effectively. The mechanic will often use a machine designed to thoroughly flush the system and to remove all traces of the brake fluid.
Component Inspection and Potential Repairs
After the system has been flushed, it’s imperative to have a mechanic inspect the power steering components for any signs of damage caused by the brake fluid. Seals, hoses, and other components are vulnerable to deterioration. It is crucial to ensure that no damage has occurred. Depending on the level of damage, some components may need to be repaired or replaced. The longer brake fluid remains within the power steering system, the higher the risk of extensive damage.
Making Sure You Use The Right Fluids and Alternative Solutions
Preventing this issue in the first place is always preferable to dealing with the fallout. Understanding best practices for power steering maintenance and recognizing other potential problems is essential.
Always Using the Right Fluid
The most critical step in maintaining your power steering system is always to use the type of power steering fluid recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. This information is typically found in your vehicle’s owner’s manual or on a sticker on the power steering fluid reservoir cap. Avoid using any substitute fluids, including brake fluid, even in a pinch.
Routine Maintenance
Regular power steering fluid checks and changes are essential for the health and longevity of the system. Your vehicle’s owner’s manual should provide guidelines on how often to check the fluid level and when to perform a full fluid replacement.
Other Potential Issues
Power steering problems are not always related to the wrong type of fluid. Other issues that can lead to power steering difficulties include leaks, a failing power steering pump, or damage to the rack-and-pinion system. If you experience any of these symptoms, a professional inspection is often recommended.
When To Seek Professional Help
While some basic maintenance can be handled at home, certain power steering problems require the expertise of a professional mechanic. If you experience any of the following symptoms, consider consulting a qualified technician:
- Difficulty turning the steering wheel.
- Unusual noises, such as squealing, whining, or groaning.
- Leaks of power steering fluid.
- A noticeable decrease in the level of the power steering fluid.
A professional mechanic can accurately diagnose the problem and recommend the appropriate solution. It’s far better to err on the side of caution than to risk damaging your vehicle further.
Concluding Thoughts
The answer to the question, “Can you put brake fluid in the power steering?” is a definitive and resounding no. The use of brake fluid in a power steering system can cause significant damage due to incompatibility. The chemicals in brake fluid will often damage seals and cause corrosion. When it comes to your vehicle’s power steering system, it is far better to always use the correct power steering fluid and adhere to the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule. By taking these preventative measures, you can help ensure that your steering system performs reliably for years to come and avoid costly repairs. Prioritize using the correct fluids and seeking professional help when you’re unsure of what to do, or when you’re experiencing performance issues with your steering system. Doing so will protect your vehicle, and keep you and your passengers safe on the road.
