Introduction
The Smith & Wesson M&P 22 Compact pistol has carved a niche for itself in the world of firearms. Combining the familiar ergonomics and aesthetic of its larger M&P siblings with the economic and accessible nature of the .22 Long Rifle cartridge, it’s a popular choice. Whether for casual plinking at the range, practicing fundamentals at a lower cost, or even as a compact concealed carry option for those who prefer the .22 LR platform, the M&P 22 Compact appeals to a wide audience. However, like all firearms, it’s not without its potential for hiccups. This article delves into the common S&W M&P 22 Compact problems that owners frequently encounter and provides practical guidance on how to diagnose and resolve them.
The nature of the .22 LR cartridge itself contributes to the challenges. The rimfire design, while simple and cost-effective, is inherently less reliable than centerfire cartridges. Variations in ammunition quality, powder loading, and primer sensitivity can all play a role in malfunctions. This is further compounded by the fact that the .22 LR cartridge often attracts more dirt and residue as the residue from the priming compound is left behind. Understanding this inherent nature of the .22 Long Rifle cartridge is the first step in effectively troubleshooting any issues that arise with your M&P 22 Compact. Let’s explore the common problems faced by owners.
Feeding Failures – The Struggle to Chamber a Round
One of the most frustrating issues is a failure to feed, or FTF. This happens when a round doesn’t properly chamber, halting the firing cycle. The slide might partially close, or the round may be jammed at an angle, preventing the gun from firing. Several factors can contribute to this.
Magazine Issues
Magazine issues are often the primary culprits. Over time, the feed lips of the magazine can become worn or damaged, failing to hold the rounds securely. Dents, cracks, or a widening of the lips can all cause FTF issues. Debris or buildup of dirt inside the magazine body can also obstruct the smooth movement of rounds. Furthermore, magazine springs can weaken over time, reducing the force that pushes the rounds upward. The design of the magazine follower itself could also be the problem. This simple part pushes the rounds up into the chamber so if this has worn down or changed its shape the rounds won’t chamber.
Ammunition Problems
Ammunition problems are also a likely source. The .22 LR cartridge relies on a rim for extraction and ignition. Inconsistent rim thickness on some rounds can lead to feeding difficulties. Also, the manufacturing process may lead to inconsistent seating depth of the bullet within the case, sometimes causing the round to snag on the chamber. It’s crucial to experiment with different brands and types of .22 LR ammunition to find the best performance.
Extractor Issues
The extractor, a critical part of the ejection process, can also affect feeding. If the extractor is worn, damaged, or not properly engaging the cartridge rim, it might fail to pull the round from the magazine and into the chamber. Check for any signs of wear, damage, or a buildup of debris. Ensure the extractor is moving freely.
Chamber Issues
Finally, the chamber itself could be the issue. Dirt or residue buildup, especially after extended use without cleaning, can create friction and hinder the smooth chambering of a round. Similarly, any imperfections or damage to the chamber surface can cause FTF problems.
Tackling a Failure to Feed
The first step is to inspect the magazine. Disassemble the magazine (following the manufacturer’s instructions), clean all the components, and inspect the feed lips for damage. Replace any damaged magazines immediately. Also, experiment with different magazines. If the problem persists, this is a good way to eliminate this as a cause.
Next, experiment with different types of .22 LR ammunition. The M&P 22 Compact, like all firearms, can exhibit preferences for particular brands or bullet types. Different bullet shapes may perform better than others, or the amount of powder might lead to issues. It’s a good idea to test a variety to determine which is the most reliable for your pistol.
Carefully inspect and clean the extractor. Look for any signs of wear, damage, or an accumulation of fouling. If the extractor appears damaged or is failing to function properly, consider replacing it.
Thoroughly clean the chamber. A chamber brush and appropriate solvent will remove any residue that might be hindering the chambering process. Properly lubricating the chamber can also help.
Ejection Failures – Refusing to Release the Spent Case
A failure to eject, or FTE, occurs when the spent cartridge casing remains stuck in the chamber after firing, preventing the next round from chambering. This can stop the firing cycle and require manual intervention to clear the malfunction. As with FTF issues, this can be especially irritating and can also pose a safety concern.
Extractor and the Ejection Process
Once again, the extractor plays a crucial role. If the extractor fails to grab and pull the spent casing out of the chamber, FTE will occur.
Ejection Spring Issues
A weak or broken ejection spring is another potential culprit. The ejection spring, working in conjunction with the ejector, provides the force to kick the spent case out of the pistol. If the spring is weak or damaged, the case may not be ejected with sufficient force.
Dirty Chamber Issues
A dirty chamber can also contribute to FTE. If the chamber is coated with residue, the spent casing might stick to the chamber walls, making extraction difficult.
Recoil Spring Tension
Excessive recoil spring tension can, in some designs, hinder the ejection process. The recoil spring controls the movement of the slide. If it’s too strong, it may not allow the slide to cycle fully, failing to eject the case with sufficient force.
Troubleshooting a Failure to Eject
Begin by inspecting and cleaning or replacing the extractor. Check for any signs of damage and ensure it is moving freely. The extractor is designed to grab the cartridge rim so damage to this area will prevent proper ejection. If the extractor is damaged, replacement is the only effective solution.
Check/replace the ejection spring. Inspect the spring for damage or weakness, as the spring will work with the extractor. If the spring seems weak or broken, replacing it is a relatively inexpensive and straightforward fix.
Thoroughly clean the chamber, removing all traces of residue. Use a chamber brush and appropriate cleaning solvent. This will reduce friction and improve the odds of a proper extraction.
Ensure the recoil spring is within the manufacturer’s specifications. If you have replaced the recoil spring, ensure it is the correct weight. If you are unsure, consult the manufacturer’s information.
Failure to Fire – The Click Without a Bang
A failure to fire, or FTF, is when the firing pin strikes the rim of the cartridge, but the round doesn’t ignite. The result is a “click” instead of the expected “bang.” This is another common issue, and multiple factors can cause it.
Light Primer Strikes
Light primer strikes are the most frequent cause. This happens when the firing pin doesn’t hit the rim with enough force to ignite the priming compound. This can be caused by a weak firing pin spring, or debris in the firing pin channel. The firing pin channel must be kept clean, or the pin could become sluggish.
Firing Pin Channel Issues
A dirty firing pin or firing pin channel can also cause FTF issues. Debris or buildup within the firing pin channel can restrict the firing pin’s movement, reducing the force of impact.
Ammunition Defects
Ammunition issues are a constant risk with .22 LR. Defective or “dud” rounds are unfortunately a part of the game. These rounds are either missing the priming compound, or have been loaded incorrectly.
Resolving a Failure to Fire
Start by cleaning the firing pin channel. Disassemble the slide (following the manufacturer’s instructions) and thoroughly clean the firing pin channel with a solvent. Remove any debris or residue.
Check the firing pin spring and replace it if necessary. A weak firing pin spring can significantly reduce the force with which the firing pin strikes the rim of the cartridge. If it appears weak or damaged, replace it with a new one.
Test a different batch of ammunition. Sometimes you simply get a bad batch of ammo. If multiple rounds from the same box fail to fire, it’s best to discard the remaining rounds. It’s also important to ensure ammunition is stored correctly.
Slide Lock Issues – When the Slide Doesn’t Behave
The slide is designed to lock open on the last round fired, signaling that the magazine is empty. Issues with the slide locking open or locking prematurely can be frustrating.
Magazine Follower
Magazine follower issues can cause problems. The magazine follower is designed to push up against the slide stop lever, engaging the slide lock. If the follower is damaged or malfunctions, it may not properly engage the slide stop.
Slide Release Problems
Inadvertent thumb pressure on the slide release lever can also cause problems. Some shooters might unintentionally press the slide release lever during firing, preventing the slide from locking back correctly.
Slide Stop Issues
The slide stop lever or the slide stop spring might also contribute to slide lock issues. Dirt or debris inside the slide stop lever channel might prevent the lever from moving freely. Similarly, a weak or broken slide stop spring can cause the slide to fail to lock.
Troubleshooting Slide Lock Issues
Inspect and clean or replace the magazine. The magazine is a likely suspect, so this is a good place to start.
Ensure the correct grip and hand placement. Your grip is important to a clean firing and cycling of the gun.
Clean the slide stop lever. Make sure that no debris is causing a stoppage.
Accuracy Challenges – Hitting the Target
Accuracy problems can stem from different sources.
Trigger Control
Trigger control plays a crucial role. A jerky or inconsistent trigger pull can throw shots off target.
Grip
Grip is also important. A proper grip provides a solid platform and allows for consistent alignment with the target.
Sight Alignment
Sight alignment is also key. Misalignment or poor visibility of the sights will impact accuracy.
Ammunition Selection
Ammunition selection can make a difference. Experiment with different types of .22 LR ammo.
Loose Screws
Lastly, loose screws can impact performance. Periodically check all screws to ensure they are tight.
Maintenance and Prevention: Keeping Your M&P 22 Compact in Top Shape
Regular maintenance is paramount to minimizing the common issues that affect the M&P 22 Compact.
The Ritual of Cleaning
Thorough cleaning after each use is essential. This includes cleaning the bore, the chamber, and the slide. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. A bore brush and appropriate solvent are essential tools. Also, don’t forget to clean the magazine.
The Lubrication Imperative
Proper lubrication minimizes friction and prevents parts from wearing prematurely. Lubricate the rails, the firing pin channel, and any other areas where metal parts interact.
Regular Inspection
Routine inspection allows for early detection of wear and tear. Examine the extractor, firing pin, and springs for any signs of damage. Replacing worn or damaged parts proactively is important.
Ammunition Awareness
Using high-quality .22 LR ammunition will help in more ways than one. It will reduce the chance of FTF or FTE issues.
By understanding the potential problems and implementing these preventative measures, you can keep your S&W M&P 22 Compact running smoothly and enjoy countless hours of reliable shooting. Regular cleaning, proper lubrication, and the correct ammunition will help you avoid these problems. If you encounter persistent issues, consider seeking advice from a qualified gunsmith. Always prioritize safe gun handling practices and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your firearm.
