A Look Back: The Evolution of the Bottom Metal
The story of the Winchester 70 bottom metal is intertwined with the rifle’s own evolution. Early Model 70s, particularly those produced before 1964 (often referred to as “pre-64” models), featured a level of meticulous detail and craftsmanship that set a high standard. The bottom metal on these rifles was typically made from forged steel, carefully blued, and often featured a smoothly integrated trigger guard and magazine well. These original designs were robust and built to withstand the rigors of decades of use in the field.
Post-1964, Winchester made some changes to the manufacturing process, including the use of different materials and production methods. While these changes weren’t always welcomed by purists, they allowed Winchester to maintain production and responsiveness to the market. The Winchester 70 bottom metal designs evolved, with changes in shape, the inclusion of hinged floorplates on some models, and variations in the method of magazine feeding. These changes, while not always improvements in the eyes of collectors and purists, were reflections of shifting market demands and advancements in manufacturing technology.
The materials used in Winchester 70 bottom metal have also varied over time. Steel was a mainstay for many years, known for its strength and durability. Later, aluminum alloys and even stainless steel began to appear, each offering different advantages in terms of weight, corrosion resistance, and manufacturing cost. Understanding these historical changes is crucial for appreciating the different design philosophies and the qualities that define the various types of bottom metal available.
Exploring the Variety: Different Types of Bottom Metal
The world of Winchester 70 bottom metal extends far beyond the original factory configurations. The options available allow you to tailor your rifle to your specific needs and preferences. Let’s explore the most common categories.
The classic approach is often the best approach: factory bottom metal. The original equipment that came with the rifle, often constructed from steel, represents the standard for many Model 70 owners. The design itself is typically simple, consisting of a trigger guard, a magazine well, and a floorplate. This floorplate may be a simple, removable plate or feature a hinged design for quick unloading of the magazine. These originals are often prized for their high quality and are a good choice for those seeking an authentic look or seeking to restore a classic Model 70. The key factors to consider are the action length (long, short, or magnum) and the intended caliber of the rifle; the bottom metal is specifically designed to work with these features.
The aftermarket offers a wealth of choices. A thriving market caters to those seeking to upgrade or customize their Model 70. Aftermarket manufacturers often use materials like aluminum, stainless steel, and even titanium, to achieve specific performance goals. Aluminum bottom metal, for example, is often lighter than steel and resistant to corrosion, making it an attractive option for hunters or shooters who prioritize weight reduction. Stainless steel provides even greater resistance to the elements.
Aftermarket designs also include features not always found on the original factory parts. Hinged floorplates are available for faster unloading and loading, as well as push-button magazine releases for quick magazine swaps. These can be a significant advantage in hunting or competitive shooting situations. The shapes of the trigger guards might be slightly altered for improved ergonomics, making the rifle easier to handle and more comfortable to shoot.
The action size of your rifle also determines the type of bottom metal that is compatible. Action refers to the length of the receiver on which the bolt rides, and thus is directly related to the cartridge size and cartridge overall length. A rifle designed for long-action cartridges, like the .30-06 Springfield, will require a longer bottom metal than a rifle designed for short-action cartridges, like the .308 Winchester. Magnum cartridges often have different dimensions and require a unique bottom metal as well. Make sure the bottom metal you choose fits your action correctly to guarantee proper feeding and function of the rifle. Carefully consider your action type before selecting aftermarket or replacement parts.
Selecting the Right Bottom Metal: Making the Best Choice
Choosing the right Winchester 70 bottom metal involves careful consideration of several factors. The primary use of your rifle will heavily influence your decision. If you’re a hunter, durability and weather resistance are paramount. Steel or stainless steel bottom metal may be the best choice for its ruggedness. If you’re a target shooter, the goal is often to reduce weight. In this situation, an aluminum or titanium bottom metal may be preferable. For general use, the standard factory bottom metal may be perfectly adequate.
The material you choose will greatly affect the performance characteristics. Steel is very strong and durable, but can be susceptible to rust if not properly maintained. Aluminum offers a good balance of strength and weight, along with good corrosion resistance. Stainless steel offers superior corrosion resistance and adds to the rifle’s visual appeal.
Compatibility is critical. Ensure that the bottom metal you choose is compatible with your Model 70’s action (long, short, or magnum). Check that it will integrate properly with your existing stock. In many cases, a new bottom metal will require a stock inletted to accommodate it. Consider the cartridge you are using; some designs may be specifically optimized for certain calibers.
Finally, consider your budget. Winchester 70 bottom metal prices vary widely, depending on the material, design, and manufacturer. Set a realistic budget, and then evaluate the options that fall within your price range. Remember that a quality bottom metal is an investment in the longevity and performance of your rifle.
The Installation Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Replacing or installing new Winchester 70 bottom metal is a task that can be performed at home with some basic tools and a bit of patience. Following a proper procedure is essential to guarantee proper fit and function.
First, begin by completely disassembling the rifle. Remove the stock from the action, and carefully separate the bolt from the receiver. It is essential to make sure the firearm is unloaded before you disassemble it. The old bottom metal will need to be removed, which often involves removing screws that attach it to the action.
The next step is to install the new bottom metal. Align the new bottom metal with the receiver and carefully insert the screws, hand-tightening them at first. Once the bottom metal is aligned, tighten the screws to the manufacturer’s recommended torque specifications using a torque wrench. It’s important to know and adhere to the correct torque specifications for the screws; over-tightening can damage the bottom metal or the action, and under-tightening can cause malfunctions.
After the bottom metal is installed, reassemble the rifle, carefully fitting the action back into the stock and reattaching the bolt to the receiver. Before shooting, check for proper function. Verify that the magazine feeds rounds correctly, the bolt closes and locks easily, and the trigger functions as expected. If you are unsure of any of these steps, consult a gunsmith.
Maintenance Matters: Keeping Your Bottom Metal in Top Condition
Maintaining your Winchester 70 bottom metal is crucial for its longevity and to ensure it continues to function properly. Regular cleaning and lubrication are key. After shooting, or anytime your rifle has been exposed to moisture, wipe down the bottom metal with a clean, dry cloth. Apply a light coat of gun oil to protect against corrosion, especially if the bottom metal is made of steel.
Regularly inspect the bottom metal for wear and tear. Check for any signs of rust, pitting, or damage to the trigger guard or magazine well. If you notice any issues, address them promptly. Rust can be removed with a fine abrasive pad and some gun oil, but if the damage is severe, it may be necessary to replace the bottom metal.
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting common problems can head off serious issues. The rifle may have trouble feeding. This could be caused by issues with the magazine, the feed lips, or the bottom metal. A failure of the bolt to fully close and lock can sometimes be traced to the bottom metal. Thoroughly examining the bottom metal will often help to locate the root of the problem, and the part can then be repaired or replaced.
Customization and Upgrades: Personalizing Your Rifle
Beyond its functional role, the Winchester 70 bottom metal provides an opportunity for customization and enhancement. Engraving your bottom metal with a unique design, or opting for a coating like Cerakote, can greatly enhance the appearance of your rifle. You can also combine a bottom metal upgrade with other enhancements, like a new trigger or a high-quality stock, to create a truly personalized and high-performing firearm.
Finding Your Parts: Where to Purchase Bottom Metal
A variety of sources provide Winchester 70 bottom metal. Local gun stores often carry replacement parts or can order them for you. Online retailers specializing in firearms offer a vast selection, with a wide variety of models and price points. Research and compare prices before making a purchase. Auction sites can offer opportunities to find used parts, but be sure to carefully inspect the items before bidding.
Conclusion: Appreciating the Importance of Bottom Metal
The Winchester 70 bottom metal is much more than just a collection of parts. It’s an integral component of a legendary rifle, impacting both its function and its aesthetic appeal. Whether you’re seeking to restore a classic, upgrade your rifle’s performance, or simply personalize its appearance, a thorough understanding of Winchester 70 bottom metal is essential. By considering your specific needs and carefully selecting the right parts, you can ensure that your Model 70 remains a reliable and enjoyable firearm for years to come.
The bottom metal is an unsung hero in the rifle’s overall success. It functions as the interface between the magazine, the trigger, and the rest of the rifle. Knowing the differences between types, the process for replacing it, and the ways it is impacted by the selection process will allow any Winchester 70 owner to enjoy their rifle more fully.
