Introduction
The AR-15. It’s an iconic firearm, a cornerstone of American gun culture, and a platform known for its modularity and adaptability. From its humble beginnings, this rifle has evolved, spawning countless variations and configurations to suit a wide range of purposes – from recreational shooting and competition to home defense and hunting. One customization that has gained considerable traction in recent years is the side charging upper receiver. But what exactly is a side charging upper, and why are so many shooters making the switch? This comprehensive guide will delve deep into the world of side charging upper ARs, exploring their benefits, drawbacks, and providing a detailed comparison to help you decide if this modification is right for you.
For many, the AR-15’s standard charging handle, located on the rear of the upper receiver, is perfectly adequate. However, for some, it presents ergonomic challenges, especially when running optics. A traditional charging handle requires the shooter to reach back over the top of the receiver to manipulate it, potentially breaking their cheek weld and disrupting their sight picture. This can be particularly problematic with magnified optics, bulky red dots, or other accessories mounted on the Picatinny rail.
The side charging upper receiver addresses this issue directly. It replaces the standard charging handle with a mechanism that allows the shooter to charge the weapon from the side of the receiver, typically on the left, though right-side charging options are also available. This seemingly simple change unlocks a world of potential advantages, making the AR-15 platform even more user-friendly and adaptable.
Understanding the Side Charging Mechanism
How does a side charging upper actually work?
The fundamental purpose remains the same: to retract the bolt carrier group (BCG), loading a round from the magazine into the chamber and preparing the weapon to fire. However, the mechanism differs significantly. Instead of pulling a handle located at the rear of the receiver, the shooter engages a handle or lever positioned on the side of the upper receiver. This handle is connected, through various means, to the bolt carrier group, allowing the shooter to pull it rearward.
There are several primary types of side charging systems. The most common is the direct impingement system, which operates in the same manner as a standard AR-15 with the exception of the charging mechanism. Some side charging uppers are designed to work with a standard AR-15 bolt carrier group, while others require a modified bolt carrier group that has been engineered to accommodate the new charging handle. Some of these are non-reciprocating (the handle doesn’t move during firing), while others are reciprocating (the handle moves back and forth with each shot).
The piston system is another type of side charging upper. Instead of relying on gas tapped directly from the barrel to cycle the action, the piston system uses a separate piston and gas block. The piston pushes the bolt carrier group back, providing a cleaner, cooler operating system. Piston-driven ARs are often praised for their reliability and reduced carbon buildup, though they can add some weight and cost to the overall setup.
The charging handle itself comes in a variety of styles. The handle may be non-reciprocating, remaining stationary during firing, which can be advantageous if the shooter prefers a clean and unobtrusive charging handle that is out of the way of their support hand. Conversely, some choose a reciprocating charging handle which moves back and forth with the bolt carrier group, sometimes feeling more intuitive for the user. Some side charging uppers can be configured for either left-side or right-side charging, depending on the user’s preference and dominant hand.
Advantages of a Side Charging Upper
The advantages of a side charging upper are multifaceted.
One of the most compelling benefits is the improvement in ergonomics. The side charging handle allows the shooter to charge the weapon without removing their firing hand from the pistol grip or breaking their cheek weld. This is particularly beneficial for shooters who utilize high-magnification optics, red dot sights, or other accessories. It streamlines the manual of arms, allowing for faster and more efficient weapon manipulation.
Side charging uppers offer significant benefits in terms of optics compatibility. With a traditional rear-mounted charging handle, large or bulky optics can sometimes interfere with its operation. The side charging design eliminates this potential issue, providing ample clearance for even the largest scopes and accessories. This feature opens the door to greater customization options and allows shooters to mount virtually any optic configuration they desire.
Beyond functionality, side charging uppers add a layer of aesthetic appeal. They offer a distinct look and feel compared to the standard AR-15, and the market offers a wealth of customization options to enhance the rifle’s appearance. Shooters can often choose from a variety of finishes, colors, and charging handle styles, allowing for personalization that reflects their individual preferences.
Disadvantages and Considerations
Despite the many advantages, side charging uppers also have some disadvantages that must be considered.
One potential drawback is that ambidextrous functionality can be compromised. While some side charging uppers offer ambidextrous charging handles, others are designed for right- or left-handed shooters. This may be a point of consideration for those who shoot with either hand. However, there are several manufacturers now offering ambi configurations to accommodate all users.
The price point can also be higher. Compared to standard uppers, side charging uppers typically come with a greater cost due to their specialized design and manufacturing process. The cost of a side charging upper can also vary depending on the brand, materials, and features. Shoppers should carefully consider their budget when planning to purchase a side charging upper.
Depending on the design and components, some side charging uppers may not be fully compatible with all existing AR-15 lower receivers or handguards. It’s important to research compatibility before making a purchase, as this will avoid frustration and unnecessary expenses.
Finally, there may be a small learning curve. Shooters accustomed to the standard charging handle mechanism may take some time to adjust to the side charging handle. It’s a different motion and muscle memory, but most shooters find the transition quick and intuitive.
Side Charging Upper AR Options: A Comparison
Considering the multitude of options available, selecting the right side charging upper AR can be daunting. Let’s examine some popular brands and their key features.
Several manufacturers have established themselves as leaders in the side charging upper AR market.
Gibbz Arms is renowned for its high-quality, side charging uppers, available in various configurations and finishes. They offer non-reciprocating charging handles and a wide range of compatibility options. Gibbz Arms uppers are favored by those who prioritize build quality and reliability.
Cross Machine Tool (CMT) is another prominent player, known for its precision-engineered uppers and commitment to innovation. CMT uppers often feature advanced designs and high-quality materials. They offer both left- and right-side charging options, along with a selection of finishes.
Odin Works is another well-respected manufacturer producing high-quality side charging uppers, known for their commitment to precision and performance. They offer various options, including models compatible with different gas systems and bolt carrier groups. Odin Works offers products with exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail.
Wilson Combat, a well-known and respected name in the firearms industry, also manufactures side charging uppers, bringing their reputation for quality to the market. Their uppers are designed for high performance and are known for their excellent fit, finish, and reliability.
Feature comparisons among brands should be performed based on individual needs. Consider the charging handle type, materials, included features, and price. The type of handle can vary. Some prefer non-reciprocating handles, while others may want a handle that moves during firing. Materials, such as high-grade aluminum or other metals, impact durability and weight. Compatibility with different bolt carrier groups and lowers is critical.
For competition shooting, a side charging upper with a smooth charging handle and fast manipulation is ideal. For home defense, reliability, and ease of operation are paramount. For hunting, a robust and rugged design will typically suit the activity.
Installation and Maintenance
The installation process typically mirrors the standard AR-15 upper assembly. Ensure the barrel, gas block, and handguard are correctly installed. After confirming that the upper receiver is fully assembled, secure it to the lower receiver.
Proper maintenance is key to longevity and reliable performance. Regularly clean and lubricate the bolt carrier group and charging handle mechanism. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for specific cleaning and lubrication procedures. Periodically inspect all components for wear and tear.
When working with any firearm, safety is paramount. Always follow safe gun handling practices. Ensure the firearm is unloaded before performing any maintenance or modifications. Wear appropriate eye protection. Be aware of the muzzle direction at all times.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the side charging upper AR offers a compelling alternative for AR-15 owners seeking to enhance ergonomics, optics compatibility, and customization. While the price point and potential compatibility issues should be considered, the advantages often outweigh the disadvantages. The selection of a side charging upper depends on your needs and shooting style.
Ultimately, the decision to switch to a side charging upper is a personal one. It’s a modification that can improve performance, ease of use, and aesthetics. Side charging uppers truly have a lot to offer.
Consider exploring different brands and models. Assess your budget, needs, and shooting style. Determine which side charging upper aligns with your requirements.
If you’re looking for a way to refine your AR-15 platform, explore side charging uppers and determine if they are a fit for your needs.
