Introduction
The world of big-bore cartridges offers a unique appeal to hunters seeking serious stopping power and the ability to take down large game. These rounds deliver the kind of energy and penetration that can make a significant difference in the field. Among the many options available, two cartridges have gained considerable popularity: the 450 Bushmaster and the 450 Marlin. Both of these rounds promise substantial ballistic performance, yet they cater to different needs and preferences. This article will delve deep into a comparison of the two, helping you choose the best big-bore cartridge for your hunting pursuits.
Understanding the 450 Bushmaster
History and Development
The 450 Bushmaster, as its name suggests, owes its existence to the collaborative efforts of Tim LeGendre of LeGendre Defense and the now-defunct Bushmaster Firearms International. It was specifically designed to address the limitations of states with straight-wall cartridge requirements for hunting. These regulations, often put in place to prevent over-penetration near populated areas, have opened the door for a wide variety of applications for the 450 Bushmaster.
Cartridge Specifications
The cartridge boasts a straight-walled design, a key feature that makes it compliant with these specific hunting regulations. This means it’s often a great choice in areas where other bottleneck cartridges are restricted. The 450 Bushmaster typically fires bullets that are .452 inches in diameter. Common bullet weights range from 250 to 300 grains, although variations exist. These heavier projectiles can deliver a substantial punch downrange. The muzzle velocity of the 450 Bushmaster can vary depending on bullet weight and load, but it generally falls in the range of 2,200 to 2,350 feet per second. This translates to a considerable amount of energy on impact.
Common Rifles Chambered in 450 Bushmaster
A key benefit of the 450 Bushmaster is its compatibility with the widely available AR-15 platform. This allows users to leverage the modularity and customization options of this popular rifle design. Bolt-action rifles also provide a good platform for this cartridge. The combination of its design and the available firearms offers a well-balanced package for hunters.
Advantages of the 450 Bushmaster
Beyond the firearm platform, the 450 Bushmaster offers a generally more accessible cost, both in terms of the rifles and the ammunition. Because of its growing popularity, it is readily available in most gun stores, and ammunition is often easier to find than some other big-bore cartridges.
Exploring the 450 Marlin
History and Development
The 450 Marlin entered the scene with a different design philosophy in mind. It was developed by Marlin and Hornady as a response to the need for a more powerful round for lever-action rifles. This cartridge was engineered to deliver serious power in a platform that is known for reliability and accuracy.
Cartridge Specifications
The 450 Marlin typically utilizes .458-inch diameter bullets, offering a larger diameter compared to the 450 Bushmaster. Bullet weights are usually between 300 and 405 grains. This allows for a wide range of bullet selection to suit the target game. The 450 Marlin generates muzzle velocities generally between 1,800 and 2,100 feet per second, depending on the load. Although the velocity might be slightly lower compared to the 450 Bushmaster, the heavier bullets deliver significant energy at impact.
Common Rifles Chambered in 450 Marlin
The 450 Marlin is most commonly found in lever-action rifles, especially the Marlin Model 1895. This combination offers a classic and reliable platform for hunting big game. These rifles are known for their smooth action and quick follow-up shots.
Advantages of the 450 Marlin
The power of the 450 Marlin makes it suitable for a broader range of game. It is often considered a good choice for hunting larger animals, including bear, moose, and elk.
Comparing the Performance
Ballistics
Ballistics tell a crucial part of the story. When comparing the 450 Bushmaster and the 450 Marlin, the most significant differences appear in their muzzle velocity, energy, and trajectory. The 450 Bushmaster, due to its slightly smaller bullet diameter and higher velocities, typically shows a flatter trajectory over shorter distances. The 450 Marlin, with its heavier bullets and slower velocities, might have a slightly more curved trajectory.
Recoil
Regarding energy on impact, the 450 Marlin often boasts higher energy figures at the muzzle and at longer ranges, thanks to its heavier bullets. This translates to greater penetration and the potential to take down larger and tougher animals.
Effective Range
Recoil is a consideration, with the 450 Bushmaster, often shooting lighter bullets, producing less felt recoil than the 450 Marlin. Rifle platform is also very important in the recoil equation.
Hunting Applications
In terms of effective range, the 450 Bushmaster performs effectively up to a few hundred yards, making it suitable for shots in a variety of situations. The 450 Marlin, with its increased power, can sometimes extend the effective range, especially when using a good ballistic coefficient bullet.
Rifle Availability and Cost
Rifle Platforms
The suitability of each round depends on the specific hunting applications. The 450 Bushmaster excels in areas with straight-wall restrictions, making it a great choice for deer and black bear at moderate ranges. The 450 Marlin provides the power needed for tougher, larger game at closer ranges, making it good for hunting elk, moose, and bear.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
Rifle selection is a major factor in the decision. The 450 Bushmaster offers the advantage of being easily available in the popular AR-15 platform, giving hunters a large selection of rifles and potential for customization. Bolt-action rifles are another option that provides a good platform for this cartridge.
The 450 Marlin’s usual platform is the lever-action rifle. The Marlin 1895 is the quintessential rifle for this cartridge, with additional options becoming available.
Ammunition costs and availability are important considerations. The 450 Bushmaster’s wider adoption means ammunition can be more accessible and, potentially, more affordable. Ammunition for the 450 Marlin is often available, though it might be more limited in availability and pricier than the 450 Bushmaster, depending on the specific load.
Pros and Cons Summary
450 Bushmaster:
Compatible with AR-15 platform, less recoil, readily available ammunition, good for straight-wall cartridge restrictions.
Lower energy at impact than the 450 Marlin, potential range limitations for very large game.
450 Marlin:
Higher energy, suitable for large game, effective for a broader range of hunting scenarios.
More recoil, might have limited availability depending on area, ammo costs might be higher.
Choosing the Right Cartridge
Factors to Consider
The selection between the 450 Bushmaster and 450 Marlin depends on many considerations. The intended game is a crucial aspect to weigh. If your primary target is deer or black bear at moderate ranges, the 450 Bushmaster is likely to be a good fit. For larger game, like elk, moose, or bear, and if the hunting terrain suits it, the greater power of the 450 Marlin might be the better choice.
Hunting conditions are also a factor. If you anticipate long-range shots, the trajectory of the 450 Bushmaster, though with less energy, may work well. However, when shots are at a closer range, the 450 Marlin may serve the best, because of the retained energy on impact.
State regulations are a major influence. If you are hunting in a region that requires straight-wall cartridges, the 450 Bushmaster will be your primary option.
Recommendation
Finally, your personal preferences play a role. If you prefer the feel of a lever-action rifle and are comfortable with more recoil, the 450 Marlin might be the best option for you. If you prefer a more modern platform like the AR-15, or are recoil sensitive, the 450 Bushmaster could be the better choice.
As a general recommendation, if your goal is to hunt whitetail deer or black bear at reasonable distances in an area with straight-wall restrictions, the 450 Bushmaster is a solid pick. For larger game in areas where such restrictions do not exist, and if you desire a higher power, the 450 Marlin is often considered the superior option.
Conclusion
The 450 Bushmaster and the 450 Marlin provide effective big-bore solutions for hunters. Their differences in ballistics, rifle platforms, and availability mean each will suit a specific set of needs. It is essential to understand your hunting requirements, the type of game you will be pursuing, the applicable regulations, and your tolerance for recoil before deciding. Careful research into the specifics of each cartridge and the rifles chambered for them will ensure you make the optimal choice for your needs. Happy hunting!
