Unveiling the Ballistic Differences: Speed and Energy
The Basics of Ballistics
The fundamental principle at play is how barrel length affects a bullet’s velocity. As a bullet travels down the barrel, expanding gases from the ignited propellant push it forward. A longer barrel provides more time and opportunity for these gases to accelerate the bullet before it exits the muzzle. In essence, the longer the barrel, the more potential for the bullet to build up speed. This translates into a flatter trajectory and more energy on impact at a distance.
The mechanics involved are fairly straightforward. The burning gunpowder creates expanding gases. Those gases apply force to the bullet. The bullet will continue accelerating until it exits the barrel. With a 20-inch barrel, the bullet remains in the barrel for a longer time, and the forces of the expanding gases act on it for a longer period. A 16-inch barrel, in contrast, reduces the time for the gases to act, leading to a slight reduction in the bullet’s final velocity.
Velocity Comparisons
Now, let’s get down to brass tacks. While the exact velocity differences will vary depending on the specific ammunition used, including the bullet weight and powder type, a general trend emerges. Expect a noticeable increase in muzzle velocity from a 20-inch barrel compared to a 16-inch barrel, typically in the range of 50 to 100 feet per second (fps) or more. While this may seem like a subtle change, it can translate to significant differences at extended ranges.
Take, for example, a 170-grain bullet. With a 20-inch barrel, the initial velocity might be in the neighborhood of 2200 fps. A 16-inch barrel, however, might produce a velocity closer to 2100 fps. This difference in muzzle velocity will translate to a flatter trajectory at farther distances. Over a range of 200 yards, the 20-inch barrel will likely have a flatter trajectory, which could mean the difference between a clean shot and a miss. The difference in trajectory increases at the 300-yard mark.
Energy and Impact
These velocity differences directly impact the bullet’s kinetic energy, or its ability to deliver stopping power. A higher velocity typically means higher energy. When the bullet strikes a target, it transfers that energy to the target. The impact force dictates how well the bullet performs. The higher the energy, the more dramatic the effect, leading to quicker incapacitation and, in the context of hunting, more humane harvests.
The 20-inch barrel has a considerable advantage here. With a higher muzzle velocity, it also generates significantly higher energy at various ranges. This extra energy can provide more reliable penetration and expansion, particularly on larger game animals. For hunters, this translates into a greater degree of confidence when taking shots at longer distances.
Ballistic Performance Summary
Ultimately, the ballistic performance favors the longer barrel. However, the practical differences hinge on the shooter’s intended use and the distances at which they typically shoot. For close-range shooting and hunting, the performance differences might be less pronounced. But for longer shots, the 20-inch barrel has a clear advantage in terms of trajectory and energy on impact.
Maneuverability: A Practical Examination
Length and Handling
Beyond raw ballistic performance, the physical handling characteristics of a rifle are critical to its practical application. The difference in barrel length can significantly affect the overall length, weight, and balance of the firearm, each of which influences how it handles in different environments.
A 20-inch barrel, by nature, adds approximately four inches to the overall length of the rifle compared to a 16-inch barrel. This difference is apparent when carrying the rifle through dense brush, navigating tight spaces, or getting in and out of a vehicle. A shorter rifle is generally more maneuverable, allowing the shooter to move quickly and efficiently.
Weight and Balance
The weight of the barrel also plays a role. Although the weight difference between the two barrel lengths may not seem substantial on paper, the extra length and material of the 20-inch barrel contribute to a higher overall weight. This small increase in weight can affect the rifle’s balance, particularly if the barrel is a heavier profile. A well-balanced rifle feels more natural in the hands and is easier to hold steady for accurate shots.
Hunting Environments
Consider the hunting environment. In heavily wooded areas or thick undergrowth, a shorter, more compact rifle is clearly an advantage. The ability to quickly maneuver the rifle through tight spaces and around obstacles can be crucial. The rifle can more easily be shouldered and ready to fire without snagging on branches. In contrast, a 20-inch barrel might be more cumbersome in these situations.
The 20-inch barrel has its advantages as well. In a blind or a stand, the overall length is less of a consideration. In fact, a slightly longer barrel might even contribute to greater stability and accuracy when braced. Also, the added weight can help absorb recoil, making the rifle more comfortable to shoot over extended periods.
Maneuverability Conclusions
The choice comes down to balancing the needs of the shooter and the demands of the situation. For close-quarters hunting in confined environments, a 16-inch barrel offers superior maneuverability. For hunting from a stand or blind, or for shooting at longer distances where maneuverability isn’t the most crucial aspect, the 20-inch barrel presents a compelling option.
Accuracy: Examining the Details
Factors Affecting Accuracy
Accuracy is a key factor in any rifle, and barrel length can influence it in several ways. It’s a complex interplay of factors, including the barrel’s construction, the ammunition used, and the shooter’s skill.
Sight Radius
The longer sight radius of a 20-inch barrel (the distance between the front and rear sights) can, in some cases, improve accuracy when using iron sights. A longer sight radius provides a clearer picture of the target and enhances precision. This advantage is primarily relevant if the rifle is equipped with iron sights.
Optics and Sight Systems
However, with the widespread use of optical sights (scopes), the influence of sight radius diminishes. A quality scope can provide a far more precise aiming point, effectively negating any advantage of a longer sight radius. For most modern shooters, the type of optic system has a more dramatic impact on accuracy than sight radius.
Barrel Whip
Another element that can influence accuracy is barrel whip. Barrel whip refers to the natural flexing or oscillation of the barrel during firing. The shorter barrel may be less susceptible to this phenomenon. However, the quality of the barrel is a more significant factor. Premium barrels are manufactured using processes to minimize barrel whip.
Other Considerations
In addition to barrel length, other factors have a significant impact on accuracy. A crisp trigger, a well-designed stock, and high-quality ammunition are all essential components of an accurate rifle. The quality of the barrel itself, including its machining and rifling, is paramount.
Accuracy Conclusions
Ultimately, barrel length is just one piece of the accuracy puzzle. The shooter’s ability, the quality of the optics, and the ammunition selected are likely to have a more significant impact on overall accuracy.
Sound, Recoil, and the Shooting Experience
Muzzle Blast and Sound
The shooting experience comprises more than just ballistics and accuracy. Factors like muzzle blast, recoil, and overall feel contribute to a rifle’s enjoyability. The choice between a 16-inch and 20-inch barrel can have a tangible impact on these aspects.
The 20-inch barrel might produce a slightly louder report than the 16-inch barrel. The expanding gasses have more time to escape before they exit the muzzle. However, the difference is marginal and should be less of a factor than the type of muzzle device used.
Recoil Considerations
Recoil is also influenced by barrel length. The added weight of the 20-inch barrel can slightly dampen recoil, making the rifle more comfortable to shoot over extended shooting sessions. However, the difference in recoil is subtle with the 350 Legend cartridge, especially when compared to other larger calibers.
Overall Shooting Experience
Ultimately, the experience of shooting the rifle is a complex equation. Consider if a muzzle brake or suppressor will be used. A suppressor will make shooting a quieter and a more enjoyable experience.
The Economics of Barrel Choice
Cost and Price
While the core decision hinges on performance and handling, the cost and availability of rifles with different barrel lengths are other practical considerations.
The price difference between rifles with 16-inch and 20-inch barrels is generally negligible, unless considering custom builds or specialized features. The cost is primarily determined by the rifle’s overall quality, brand, and the features included.
Ammunition Economics
Ammunition costs are entirely unaffected by barrel length. The 350 Legend ammunition is the same, regardless of the barrel length.
Availability
Finally, the availability of rifles with different barrel lengths varies depending on the manufacturer and the market. Both 16-inch and 20-inch barrel options are often available in the 350 Legend. However, there might be more options available for AR-platform rifles with a 16-inch barrel.
Making the Final Decision: Which Barrel is Best for You?
Recap and Comparison
The choice between a 16-inch and 20-inch barrel for your 350 Legend rifle is a personal one, and no single option is perfect for everyone. The best choice depends entirely on your shooting style, the environments you’ll be shooting in, and your intended uses for the rifle.
Recommendations
If you prioritize maneuverability, compactness, and the ability to handle the rifle quickly in close quarters, the 16-inch barrel is the better option. It’s ideal for hunting in dense brush, for home defense scenarios, or for situations where a shorter overall length is advantageous. The slight reduction in muzzle velocity will be less of a concern in close-range scenarios.
If your shooting involves taking shots at longer ranges, the added ballistic performance of the 20-inch barrel becomes a compelling advantage. The flatter trajectory and higher retained energy provide a greater margin of error. The added weight may help to tame recoil and increase stability. This barrel length is a great choice for hunting from a stand or blind, or for recreational shooting where accuracy is paramount.
A Middle Ground
For some shooters, the perfect solution is a compromise. The best choice might depend on whether a suppressor will be used with the rifle.
Final Thoughts
Ultimately, there is no perfect answer. Choosing a 350 Legend rifle with the barrel length that suits your personal needs will provide the best shooting experience. Consider your typical shooting environments and use cases, your shooting experience, and what is most comfortable. By carefully weighing these factors, you can make an informed decision and choose the barrel length that’s right for you.
