Background and History
The .22 WMR, often referred to as the .22 Magnum, boasts a rich history. Introduced by Winchester in the late nineteen fifties, it emerged as an upgrade to the popular .22 Long Rifle. The goal was to provide significantly increased power and range. This cartridge utilized a larger case, enabling it to handle more powder and propel a larger bullet at higher velocities. Its initial success was due to its ability to effectively take down small game at longer distances than the .22 Long Rifle could manage. Throughout the decades, the .22 WMR gained popularity among hunters, pest control operators, and recreational shooters, solidifying its place in the rimfire hall of fame.
The .17 HMR, on the other hand, is a more recent development, a creation of Hornady in the early twenty-first century. This cartridge capitalized on cutting-edge technology, specifically utilizing a .17 caliber bullet propelled at blistering speeds. The underlying concept focused on creating a flat-shooting, accurate cartridge ideal for varmint hunting and target shooting. This was achieved by necking down a .22 WMR case to accept a smaller diameter bullet. The result was a cartridge with exceptional performance at longer ranges. The .17 HMR quickly gained traction among enthusiasts, gaining a reputation for impressive accuracy and performance.
Ballistics: A Detailed Look
Let’s delve into a detailed ballistics comparison of these two rimfire powerhouses, because understanding how these cartridges perform in the real world is essential for making an intelligent decision.
Velocity and Trajectory
The .17 HMR shines with its significantly higher muzzle velocity. Bullets leave the barrel at speeds typically exceeding two thousand five hundred feet per second (fps). This high velocity translates directly into a flatter trajectory, meaning the bullet drops less over a given distance. The .22 WMR, while offering a substantial increase in speed over the .22 Long Rifle, falls behind the .17 HMR, with velocities generally staying below two thousand feet per second. A flatter trajectory is crucial for accurate shooting at extended ranges. Less bullet drop makes it easier to hit targets consistently, minimizing the need for holdover adjustments.
Energy and Impact
The .22 WMR generally delivers more energy at the muzzle, although this advantage tends to diminish at longer distances. The heavier bullet employed by the .22 WMR, though traveling at a slower speed, carries more kinetic energy initially. However, due to greater aerodynamic drag on the larger .22 bullet, the .17 HMR retains a significant amount of velocity and energy at longer ranges. The higher velocity and more efficient bullet design of the .17 HMR allows it to deliver a significant impact even at distances beyond what the .22 WMR achieves effectively. The impact of both cartridges can be devastating for small game, but understanding the trade-offs in energy retention at different ranges is essential.
Bullet Choices
The availability of diverse bullet types further enhances the appeal of both cartridges. The .22 WMR typically utilizes bullets that are heavier, offering good penetration. Options include full metal jacket (FMJ) bullets for target practice and plinking, hollow point bullets designed to expand upon impact, and soft point bullets for optimal controlled expansion in hunting applications. The .17 HMR usually uses lighter bullets, but also offers an assortment of choices. Hollow point bullets designed for rapid expansion are a common choice, maximizing energy transfer on impact. Full metal jacket rounds provide better penetration, while ballistic tip bullets give an optimal balance between expansion and penetration. The specific bullet chosen has a significant influence on the overall performance and effectiveness of either cartridge.
Practical Applications: Where They Shine
Understanding the specific strengths of each cartridge is critical for optimal performance in real-world scenarios. The right cartridge is essential for success, whether you are hunting, target shooting, or controlling pests.
Hunting Scenarios
The .22 WMR is an excellent choice for hunting various small game species such as rabbits, squirrels, and prairie dogs. It offers a great balance between power and manageable recoil, capable of effectively taking down these animals at moderate ranges. The .22 WMR’s heavier bullets offer better penetration, making it a reliable option for larger small game.
The .17 HMR is also a great choice for hunting, especially for smaller varmints. The flatter trajectory and higher velocity make it well-suited for headshots on smaller targets. It also works well for dispatching pests where precision is important. However, it’s critical to be mindful of the limitations of the .17 HMR. While it can effectively take down smaller varmints, it might lack sufficient energy for humane kills at longer ranges on larger animals. The ability to place shots precisely is far more important here than sheer energy.
Target Practice
Both cartridges provide enjoyable options for target shooting. However, the .17 HMR often gets an edge due to its superior accuracy. The high velocity and flatter trajectory make it easier to hit targets at extended distances. This is particularly true for target shooting at distances of one hundred yards or more. The .22 WMR is still an excellent option for recreational target shooting and plinking at closer ranges. It provides a cost-effective and enjoyable experience.
Pest Control Solutions
Both cartridges are highly effective for pest control. The choice depends on the specific pests and the environment. The .22 WMR provides more stopping power, making it a good choice for larger pests. The .17 HMR’s accuracy makes it ideal for controlling smaller pests. It is crucial to consider factors such as the range needed, the potential for ricochet, and noise levels in your decision. Careful shot placement is paramount in pest control, regardless of the cartridge selected.
Rifles and Ammunition: Finding Your Match
Selecting the proper rifle and ammunition is vital for any shooting activity. Each cartridge has its own set of considerations for both.
Rifle Selection
Rifles chambered in .22 WMR are readily available from numerous manufacturers, offering a wide selection of options in terms of features, quality, and price. You will find bolt-action rifles, semi-automatic rifles, and lever-action models available. The range of choices allows shooters to select a rifle that perfectly aligns with their needs and budget.
The .17 HMR also offers an extensive selection of rifles. You can find bolt-action rifles, lever-action rifles, and semi-automatic rifles chambered in this caliber. The .17 HMR is also growing in popularity, which drives further innovation in rifle design.
Ammunition Considerations
The price of ammunition is a consideration for any shooter. While rimfire ammunition is generally less expensive than centerfire options, prices can fluctuate. The .22 WMR typically costs slightly more per round than the .17 HMR. However, the cost differences are typically not extreme.
The availability of ammunition can impact your shooting experience. Both .22 WMR and .17 HMR ammunition are readily available at most sporting goods stores and online retailers. You should be able to easily find ammunition for both cartridges.
Pros and Cons: A Balanced View
The advantages of the .22 WMR include its greater energy at the muzzle, slightly heavier bullets, and wider overall availability. The .22 WMR is often favored where heavier bullets are a preference or the need to make multiple shots is frequent. The .22 WMR is a fantastic choice for those who value a cartridge with more versatility and a greater impact on targets. The main disadvantage of the .22 WMR is the greater bullet drop at longer ranges compared to the .17 HMR.
The advantages of the .17 HMR are its flatter trajectory, high velocity, and outstanding accuracy. The .17 HMR excels when precision and extended ranges are crucial. The .17 HMR is favored for its ability to make precise shots at challenging distances. The primary disadvantages of the .17 HMR are the lighter bullets and a greater susceptibility to wind drift.
Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the .22 WMR and the .17 HMR comes down to the individual’s needs. If you are looking for a cartridge with more energy, good penetration, and greater versatility, the .22 WMR could be an excellent choice. If, on the other hand, you value high accuracy, minimal bullet drop, and exceptional performance at longer distances, the .17 HMR is an excellent choice. Consider the intended use, the game you will be hunting (if any), the shooting distances, and your budget.
Final Thoughts
In summary, both the .22 WMR and the .17 HMR are capable rimfire cartridges, each offering its unique set of strengths. The .22 WMR provides a bit more energy and generally costs less to shoot. The .17 HMR offers a flatter trajectory and more accuracy at longer ranges. By understanding the nuances of each cartridge and considering your specific requirements, you can select the best rimfire cartridge to maximize your shooting or hunting experience. Careful consideration of all factors will guide you to the most satisfying choice.
