A Look Back: The .22 Long Rifle
The .22 Long Rifle, or .22 LR, boasts a rich history that stretches back to the late 19th century. Developed as a modification of the earlier .22 Long, it quickly gained traction due to its ease of use and affordability. From its early days, the .22 LR has been embraced by civilians and target shooters, to military and law enforcement. Its popularity stems from its lightweight round and low recoil, characteristics that render it an ideal platform for learning how to shoot, plinking, and pest control.
The .22 LR’s legacy is etched in the annals of shooting sports. It has played a crucial role in training new shooters, offering a safe and accessible experience that doesn’t intimidate with excessive recoil or cost. For many, the first firearm they ever fired was a .22 LR, a testament to its user-friendly design. This cartridge has consistently remained a staple within the shooting community, evolving over time through improvements to ammunition and firearm designs.
Understanding Ballistics and Performance
The .22 LR typically fires a bullet weighing between 30 and 40 grains, propelled by a relatively modest amount of powder. The resulting muzzle velocity usually falls between 1,100 and 1,400 feet per second (fps), varying based on bullet weight and load. This lower velocity translates to a curved trajectory, with the bullet dropping noticeably over distance. At 100 yards, the bullet can easily experience a significant drop, often several inches, requiring careful holdover for accurate shots.
Energy levels are also relatively modest. At the muzzle, a typical .22 LR round delivers around 150-200 foot-pounds of energy. This figure gradually decreases with distance as the bullet sheds speed and the force diminishes. While adequate for small game at close ranges, this level of energy restricts the effective range and limits its effectiveness on larger targets.
Accuracy, though dependent on factors like firearm quality and ammunition consistency, can be exceptional, particularly at closer ranges. Well-made .22 LR rifles can consistently group shots tightly at distances of 50 yards or less, making them suitable for target shooting and informal competitions. However, the .22 LR’s susceptibility to wind drift further complicates its performance at longer distances, making it less ideal for challenging long-range shooting.
Benefits of the .22 Long Rifle
The .22 LR’s enduring appeal is undeniable. The most significant advantage is undoubtedly the cost of the ammunition. Compared to almost any other centerfire cartridge, .22 LR ammunition is remarkably inexpensive. This affordability makes it the perfect choice for those seeking to practice shooting frequently or enjoy casual plinking without significant financial burden.
The widespread availability of both ammunition and firearms is another key factor. .22 LR rounds can be found in almost any sporting goods store, gun store, or even online retailers. This means shooters can find the rounds they need virtually anywhere in the world and without a hassle. The .22 LR’s versatility also extends to its firearm options; from bolt-action rifles to semi-automatic pistols, a wide range of guns chambered in .22 LR is available to suit any shooter’s preference.
Low recoil is yet another significant benefit. This makes the .22 LR ideal for new shooters, young people, and anyone sensitive to recoil. The minimal kick allows shooters to focus on marksmanship fundamentals like trigger control and sight alignment without being distracted by significant muzzle rise. This also enables rapid follow-up shots, a useful feature in some shooting disciplines.
Drawbacks to Consider
While the .22 LR has many advantages, some limitations warrant consideration. The most obvious is its limited effective range. The bullet’s curved trajectory and relatively low velocity mean that it struggles to maintain accuracy at longer distances, making precise shooting challenging beyond 100 yards.
Its comparatively low power is a further consideration. The .22 LR’s energy levels limit its effectiveness on anything larger than small game, such as rabbits or squirrels. While it can be used for pest control, it must be understood that this round is not designed for larger animals, since it lacks the needed stopping power and is likely to injure the animal.
Wind drift is a significant factor that can impact the .22 LR’s accuracy. Because of its slow velocity and light bullet weight, it is especially susceptible to being blown off course by even moderate winds. This is a critical factor that can significantly impact accuracy and the ability to hit targets at longer ranges.
Introducing the .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire
The .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire, or .17 HMR, arrived on the shooting scene much later than the .22 LR. Introduced in the early 2000s, it quickly gained popularity for its impressive ballistics and accuracy. Developed as a partnership between Hornady, Savage Arms, and CCI, the .17 HMR was designed to offer enhanced performance in a rimfire package. It rapidly captured the attention of hunters and target shooters alike.
Understanding Ballistics and Performance
The .17 HMR uses a much smaller bullet, typically weighing around 17 grains. Due to the higher velocities, the .17 HMR bullets travel at speeds typically exceeding 2,500 feet per second. This represents a significant increase compared to the .22 LR. This high velocity translates to a flatter trajectory, significantly reducing bullet drop over distance.
The .17 HMR also delivers higher energy at various ranges. At the muzzle, energy levels are typically more than double those of a .22 LR, with energy reaching nearly 300 foot-pounds or more. This increased energy, combined with a flatter trajectory, gives the .17 HMR a larger effective range, making it more useful for hunting small game at extended distances.
Accuracy can be exceptional. The .17 HMR’s flatter trajectory and high velocity, combined with the bullet’s design, contribute to excellent long-range accuracy. Rifles chambered in .17 HMR are often capable of delivering tight groupings at distances of 100 yards or more.
The Upsides of the .17 HMR
The .17 HMR boasts several key advantages. Its flatter trajectory is perhaps the most striking. The higher velocity means the bullet drops much less over distance, making holdover corrections less critical, particularly at shorter and medium ranges. This can be a distinct benefit for new shooters, making it simpler to hit targets at various distances.
Higher velocity and energy, particularly at range, give it a significant edge in terms of hunting effectiveness and downrange performance. This round is better suited for hunting varmints and small game at longer distances than a .22 LR. The bullet’s energy transfer can generate a larger wound cavity, improving stopping power.
The .17 HMR is very accurate at longer distances, which is crucial for hunters. It is capable of placing shots accurately at 100 yards or even further, which expands its versatility for hunting and target shooting scenarios.
Downsides to Consider
Despite its impressive performance, the .17 HMR also has some disadvantages. The ammunition is considerably more expensive than .22 LR, impacting overall shooting costs. This can make it less appealing for those who enjoy shooting frequently.
While the .17 HMR ammunition is quite popular, it’s not as readily available in as many locations as .22 LR. This can sometimes be a challenge for shooters.
The .17 HMR has a shorter barrel life, which can be a factor, if you shoot often. The high-velocity cartridge can cause increased wear and tear on the barrel, eventually affecting accuracy.
Comparing Side-by-Side
When comparing the .22 LR and .17 HMR, the .22 LR holds the lead for cost, whereas the .17 HMR generally delivers greater range and more power.
Shooting Accuracy
The .22 LR is accurate at shorter distances but drops quickly. The .17 HMR shines at longer distances due to its flatter trajectory. Many users find that the .17 HMR holds its accuracy at longer ranges than the .22 LR.
Effective Range
The .22 LR is most effective within 50-75 yards, whereas the .17 HMR can be reliably used at 100 yards or more. This difference in range opens up different possibilities for hunting or target shooting.
Hunting Uses
The .22 LR is effective for small game hunting at short ranges. The .17 HMR expands hunting capabilities, especially for varmints.
Target Shooting and Plinking
Both rounds are suitable for target shooting and plinking, but the .17 HMR often delivers better performance at longer ranges due to the flatness of its trajectory.
Cost and Availability
.22 LR is consistently more affordable and easier to find than .17 HMR ammunition, which provides the .22 LR a considerable edge in this category.
What to Think About When Choosing
The choice between .22 LR and .17 HMR hinges on what you intend to use it for.
Intended Use
Consider whether you need the cartridge for hunting, target shooting, or plinking. The .22 LR is often the best choice for recreational plinking and budget-friendly target practice. If hunting small game at extended ranges is your goal, then the .17 HMR is often preferred.
Budget
The cost of ammunition will significantly influence your choice, if you value the opportunity to shoot often. The .22 LR offers substantial savings, allowing you to spend more time shooting. The .17 HMR costs more per round, which is something to think about.
Range Requirements
If most of your shooting occurs at ranges exceeding 100 yards, the flatter trajectory of the .17 HMR will improve accuracy.
Environmental Considerations
Wind will have a greater impact on the .22 LR. Consider the typical conditions and the importance of accuracy in the wind.
Wrapping Up
In the .22 LR versus .17 HMR debate, the choice depends on individual needs and priorities. The .22 LR offers economy, widespread availability, and low recoil, making it a great choice for new shooters, plinkers, and those on a budget. The .17 HMR offers higher velocity, flatter trajectory, and greater downrange energy, which makes it an attractive option for hunters seeking more range and power and for shooters wanting improved accuracy at longer distances. There isn’t a single “best” option; the superior cartridge relies on your intended application.
Additional Considerations
Different firearms offer different experiences. Take some time to assess the caliber of the firearm you wish to purchase.
Safety is paramount. Always follow all safety regulations, and practice shooting responsibly.
