Understanding the Twenty Gauge
What is a 20 Gauge?
The crisp snap of the action, the satisfying weight in your hands, the undeniable elegance – these are the hallmarks of a double-barreled shotgun. For generations, these firearms have been revered for their reliability, their classic appeal, and their ability to deliver two quick, decisive shots. This article delves into the world of the 20 gauge double barrel, exploring its features, uses, benefits, drawbacks, and the essential considerations for those looking to own one.
The twenty gauge occupies a unique space in the world of shotguns. It’s often considered the middle ground, offering a balance of power, manageable recoil, and overall versatility that makes it a favorite among hunters and shooters alike. But what exactly defines a twenty gauge? Let’s unpack the details.
The “gauge” of a shotgun refers to the diameter of the bore, a measurement derived from the number of lead balls that would fit inside the bore and weigh one pound. In the case of a twenty gauge, a pound of lead would produce twenty balls. This means a twenty gauge bore is smaller than a twelve gauge (where twelve balls would fit a pound of lead), and larger than a twenty-eight gauge or the .410 bore.
The primary advantage of the twenty gauge lies in its balance. It delivers a significant punch without the punishing recoil of a twelve gauge. This makes it more comfortable to shoot, particularly for those sensitive to recoil, like younger shooters or smaller-framed individuals. The lighter weight compared to many twelve gauge shotguns also enhances maneuverability, making it easier to carry and point quickly. This combination of factors makes the twenty gauge an excellent choice for various shooting activities.
The twenty gauge, like other shotgun gauges, is versatile, accepting a wide array of ammunition.
Ammunition Types for the Twenty Gauge
The versatility of the twenty gauge is further enhanced by the diverse types of ammunition available. Understanding these options is crucial for effective shooting, and safety.
Various shot sizes, from small birdshot to larger buckshot, are readily available. Birdshot is typically used for small game hunting, such as birds and small mammals. Buckshot, consisting of larger pellets, is designed for bigger game and self-defense applications. Slugs, solid projectiles, are often used for deer hunting in areas where shotguns are permitted for big game. The specific shot size needed will depend on your quarry and intended application.
Shell lengths also vary. The common lengths for a twenty gauge include and are critical in determining the correct shell for your specific firearm. Always consult your shotgun’s manual and never try to use a shell length that isn’t approved for your shotgun.
When selecting ammunition, consider the intended purpose, the range at which you will be shooting, and the type of game or target. Proper selection significantly enhances the effectiveness of your shooting, helping to ensure a clean and ethical harvest.
Features of a Twenty Gauge Double Barrel Shotgun
The twenty gauge double barrel shotgun boasts a unique set of features that set it apart from other shotgun configurations. Its design emphasizes simplicity, reliability, and elegant aesthetics.
Action Types and Functionality
The defining characteristic of the double barrel is, of course, its two barrels. These barrels are positioned side-by-side, or one over the other. This configuration allows for two quick shots without the need to cycle a pump or auto-loading mechanism. The most common action types are the break-action, and this is primarily found in two distinct configurations: over-under, and side-by-side.
Break-Action: This design hinges open, allowing the shooter to load and unload shells. The action is simple, reliable, and the primary way of loading the double-barrel shotguns.
Barrel Length and Chokes: Shaping the Shot Pattern
The length of the barrels plays a crucial role in the performance of a double barrel. Longer barrels can aid in accuracy and provide a more consistent shot pattern, while shorter barrels are better for maneuverability.
Chokes further refine the shot pattern. These are constrictions at the muzzle of the barrels that control the spread of the shot. Fixed chokes are built into the barrel, providing a constant pattern. Interchangeable chokes, on the other hand, allow the shooter to swap chokes to suit different applications. Common choke constrictions include cylinder (widest spread), improved cylinder, modified, and full (tightest spread).
Stock and Grip: Where the Shotgun Meets the Shooter
The stock and grip are the points of contact between the shooter and the shotgun, impacting comfort, handling, and shouldering. These are typically crafted from wood, such as walnut, or from durable synthetic materials. Wood stocks offer a classic aesthetic, while synthetic stocks often provide greater weather resistance and are more resistant to scratches. The shape and design of the stock and grip should be comfortable for the shooter, allowing for a proper cheek weld and a secure hold.
Safety Mechanisms: Prioritizing Safe Operation
Safety is paramount when handling any firearm. Twenty gauge double barrels usually include safety mechanisms designed to prevent accidental firing. Most models incorporate a trigger safety that must be manually disengaged before the shotgun can fire. Some models also include a safety catch that blocks the firing pins, preventing them from striking the primers of the shells. It is critical to familiarize yourself with all safety features.
Uses and Applications of a Twenty Gauge Double Barrel
The twenty gauge double barrel, with its balance of power and maneuverability, is a versatile firearm suitable for many applications.
Hunting: Versatility in the Field
The twenty gauge double barrel shines in the hunting field. It is popular for hunting upland game birds like pheasant, grouse, and quail. The lighter weight and fast handling are advantages when chasing these fast-flying targets. In certain areas, the twenty gauge can also be used for waterfowl hunting, though shot selection and range limitations are important considerations. With slugs, a twenty gauge can be used for deer hunting in jurisdictions where shotguns are permitted.
Sporting Clays and Skeet Shooting: Sharpening Your Skills
While a twelve gauge is the favored gauge for competitive sports, the twenty gauge double barrel can be used for sporting clays and skeet shooting. The reduced recoil and manageable weight make it easier to shoot many rounds, allowing for extended practice sessions.
Home Defense: A Responsible Choice
The twenty gauge double barrel can be considered for home defense, but proper training and consideration of its limitations are essential. The potential for quick follow-up shots is an advantage, but the limited capacity requires careful shot placement and situational awareness. Using buckshot is important when considering the firearm for defensive purposes.
Advantages of a Twenty Gauge Double Barrel
The twenty gauge double barrel offers several significant advantages that contribute to its enduring appeal.
Recoil Management: Comfortable Shooting
One of the most appealing aspects of the twenty gauge is its reduced recoil compared to the twelve gauge. This results in more comfortable shooting, enabling the shooter to handle the shotgun for longer periods and to maintain accuracy better. This is especially beneficial for newer shooters, those sensitive to recoil, and anyone who values a more enjoyable shooting experience.
Handling and Weight: Maneuverability and Control
Twenty gauge double barrels are typically lighter and more compact than their twelve gauge counterparts. This makes them easier to handle, carry, and point. Their lighter weight aids in quick target acquisition, making them ideal for hunting in areas with dense cover.
Reliability: A Simple Design
Double barrels are known for their reliability due to their simple mechanical design. They have fewer moving parts than semi-automatic shotguns or pump-action shotguns, reducing the likelihood of malfunctions. This dependability is a significant advantage, especially in the field, where a malfunctioning firearm can be detrimental.
Aesthetic Appeal: A Touch of Class
The double barrel shotgun is a classic design, revered for its elegant lines and timeless appeal. It’s a firearm that often embodies the traditional values of hunting and shooting, with a look that is both sophisticated and functional. Owning a twenty gauge double barrel is more than just owning a firearm; it’s about embracing a piece of history and tradition.
Disadvantages of a Twenty Gauge Double Barrel
While the twenty gauge double barrel has much to offer, there are also some drawbacks to consider.
Limited Capacity: Two Shots Before Reloading
The most significant limitation of a double barrel is its capacity. Holding only two shots before reloading can be a disadvantage in some situations, particularly for hunting fast-moving game or engaging multiple targets.
Reloading Speed: A Slower Process
Reloading a double barrel can be slower than reloading a pump-action or semi-automatic shotgun. This can impact the effectiveness of the shotgun in situations where rapid follow-up shots are needed.
Cost: An Investment
Twenty gauge double barrels are often more expensive than some other shotgun types. High-quality models with intricate features and craftsmanship can carry a premium price tag.
Recoil vs. Performance: Striking a Balance
While the twenty gauge offers a lower recoil than a twelve gauge, it also carries a slightly less payload. This can impact performance on larger game, or at longer distances. It’s crucial to match the right ammunition to the quarry, to achieve an ethical and effective hunt.
Choosing a Twenty Gauge Double Barrel
If you are considering purchasing a twenty gauge double barrel, there are several factors to carefully consider to ensure the right selection.
Purpose and Intended Use: What Will You Be Doing?
First, determine the primary purpose of the shotgun. Will it be used for hunting, clay target shooting, home defense, or a combination of these? The intended use will influence the required features, such as barrel length, choke configuration, and stock design.
Budget: Establishing a Realistic Price Point
Set a budget to narrow down the options. Twenty gauge double barrels are available at a range of price points, depending on the brand, quality, and features. Research to discover what’s accessible within your budget.
Fit and Ergonomics: Comfort and Accuracy
Proper fit is crucial for both comfort and accuracy. The stock length, drop, and comb height should match your body dimensions to ensure that the shotgun shoulders properly and that your eye aligns with the sights or rib. Consider visiting a gun shop or a gunsmith to be measured for a proper fit.
Brand and Reputation: Reliability and Support
Research different brands and manufacturers to identify those known for quality, reliability, and customer service. Reputable brands often offer a warranty and have a track record of producing durable and dependable firearms.
Inspecting a Used Double Barrel: A Critical Step
If you are considering purchasing a used double barrel, a thorough inspection is critical. Inspect the barrels for any signs of damage, such as dents, bulges, or pitting. Check the action for proper function and look for any excessive wear or play. Ensure that the safety mechanisms are functioning correctly.
Safety and Maintenance
Safe operation and proper maintenance are paramount to responsible gun ownership.
Safe Gun Handling Practices: The Cornerstones of Safety
Always follow the four fundamental rules of gun safety:
- Treat every gun as if it is loaded.
- Never point the muzzle at anything you are not willing to destroy.
- Keep your finger off the trigger until your sights are on the target and you have decided to shoot.
- Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
Cleaning and Maintenance: Ensuring Longevity
Regular cleaning and maintenance are essential for the long-term performance of your twenty gauge double barrel. After each use, clean the barrels to remove any powder residue or fouling. Lubricate the action and any moving parts to prevent rust and corrosion. Store the shotgun in a safe and secure location.
The twenty gauge double barrel is a timeless firearm that continues to find favor.
Conclusion
The twenty gauge double barrel shotgun is a testament to classic gun design, offering a winning combination of power, maneuverability, and elegance. It is a versatile choice for hunters, clay shooters, and those who appreciate the tradition and aesthetics of this iconic firearm. The lower recoil makes it more comfortable to shoot than a twelve gauge, and the lighter weight enhances its handling characteristics. The simple mechanical design contributes to its reliability. The double barrel presents some limitations, particularly capacity, the decision to buy one is a personal one.
With proper care, training, and responsible gun handling, the twenty gauge double barrel can be a treasured tool.
Owning a twenty gauge double barrel is more than just owning a firearm; it’s about connecting with a tradition of craftsmanship and enjoying the pleasure of shooting.
